BACKGROUND Recent studies have found that kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin neurons (KNDy neurons) in the infundibular nucleus play a crucial role in the reproductive axis. Analogs, both agonists and antagonists, of kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) are particularly important in explaining the physiological role of KNDy in the reproductive axis in animals. The use of kisspeptin and NKB analogs has helped elucidate the regulators of the hypothalamic reproductive axis. PURPOSE This review describes therapeutic uses of Kiss-1 and NKB agonists, most obviously the use of kisspeptin agonists in the treatment for infertility and the induction of ovulation. Kisspeptin antagonists may have potential clinical applications in patients suffering from diseases associated with enhanced LH pulse frequency, such as polycystic ovary syndrome or menopause. The inhibition of pubertal development using Kiss antagonists may be used as a therapeutic option in precocious puberty. Kisspeptin antagonists have been found capable of inhibiting ovulation and have been proposed as novel contraceptives. Hypothalamic amenorrhea and delayed puberty are conditions in which normalization of LH secretion may potentially be achieved by treatment with both kisspeptin and NKB agonists. NKB antagonists are used to treat vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women, providing rapid relief of symptoms while supplanting the need for exogenous estrogen exposure. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide spectrum of therapeutic uses of Kiss-1 and NKB agonists, including the management of infertility, treatment for PCOS, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea or postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms, as well as contraceptive issues. Nevertheless, further research is needed before kisspeptin and NKB analogs are fully incorporated in clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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Kisspeptin和Neurokinin B类似物在妇科内分泌学中的应用：我们站在哪里？

背景技术最近的研究发现，漏斗状核中的kisseptin /神经激肽B /强啡肽神经元（KNDy神经元）在生殖轴中起关键作用。Kisspeptin和Neurokinin B（NKB）的激动剂和拮抗剂类似物在解释KNDy在动物生殖轴中的生理作用中特别重要。Kisspeptin和NKB类似物的使用有助于阐明下丘脑生殖轴的调节剂。目的这篇评论描述了Kiss-1和NKB激动剂的治疗用途，最明显的是Kisspeptin激动剂在治疗不育症和诱导排卵中的用途。Kisspeptin拮抗剂在患有与LH脉冲频率增加相关的疾病（例如多囊卵巢综合征或更年期）的患者中可能具有潜在的临床应用。使用Kiss拮抗剂抑制青春期发育可用作性早熟的治疗选择。已发现吻肽肽拮抗剂能够抑制排卵，并已被提议作为新型避孕药。下丘脑闭经和青春期延迟是通过用吻肽素和NKB激动剂治疗可能潜在实现LH分泌正常化的疾病。NKB拮抗剂用于治疗绝经后妇女的血管舒缩症状，在快速缓解症状的同时，也消除了外源性雌激素暴露的需要。结论Kiss-1和NKB激动剂的治疗用途广泛，包括不育症的治疗，PCOS的治疗，下丘脑功能性闭经或绝经后血管舒缩症状以及避孕问题。不过，