Functional homogenisation occurs across many areas and organism groups, thereby seriously affecting biodiversity loss and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we examined how functional features of aquatic macrophytes have changed during a 70-year period at community and species levels in a boreal lake district. At the community level, we examined if aquatic macrophyte communities showed different spatial patterns in functional composition and functional richness in relation to main environmental drivers between the time periods. We also observed each species in functional space to assess if species with certain sets of traits have become more common or rare in the 70-year study period. We found changes in the relationship between functional community composition and the environment. The aquatic macrophyte communities showed different patterns in functional composition between the two time periods, and the main environmental drivers for these changes were partly different. Temporal changes in functional richness were only partially linked to concomitant changes in the environment, while stable factors were more important. Species’ functional traits were not associated with commonness or rarity patterns. Our findings revealed that functional homogenisation has not occurred across these boreal lakes, ranging from small oligotrophic forest lakes to larger lakes affected by human impacts.

中文翻译：

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70 年来大型植物群落功能特征的变化及驱动因素

功能同质化发生在许多地区和生物群中，从而严重影响生物多样性的丧失和生态系统的功能。在这项研究中，我们研究了 70 年来在北方湖区群落和物种水平上水生大型植物功能特征的变化。在群落层面，我们检查了水生大型植物群落在功能组成和功能丰富度方面是否显示出与不同时间段之间主要环境驱动因素相关的不同空间模式。我们还在功能空间中观察了每个物种，以评估具有某些特征集的物种在 70 年的研究期间是否变得更加普遍或稀有。我们发现功能群落组成与环境之间的关系发生了变化。两个时期水生大型植物群落的功能组成显示出不同的模式，这些变化的主要环境驱动因素部分不同。功能丰富度的时间变化仅与环境的伴随变化部分相关，而稳定因素更为重要。物种的功能特征与共性或稀有模式无关。我们的研究结果表明，这些北方湖泊没有发生功能同质化，从小型的贫营养森林湖泊到受人类影响的较大湖泊。而稳定因素更为重要。物种的功能特征与共性或稀有模式无关。我们的研究结果表明，这些北方湖泊没有发生功能同质化，从小型的贫营养森林湖泊到受人类影响的较大湖泊。而稳定因素更为重要。物种的功能特征与共性或稀有模式无关。我们的研究结果表明，这些北方湖泊没有发生功能同质化，从小型的贫营养森林湖泊到受人类影响的较大湖泊。