BACKGROUND Studies suggest that gender differences in academic medicine exist. Men frequently have better measures of performance such as number of publications, number of citations, remuneration, and funding. AIMS To evaluate whether a gender disparity in authorship exists. METHODS We recorded the gender of first and senior authors of original papers, editorials/reviews from liver-related manuscripts in Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Transplantation, American Journal of Gastroenterology, and Liver Transplantation from January 2014 to 2016. RESULTS Of 2424 articles reviewed, we excluded 232 (10%) due to inability to determine gender. Among papers analyzed, 72.0% were original and 28.1% reviews/editorials with 65.1% of first authors being male and 34.9% female. Only 20.3% of papers with multiple authors had a female senior author. The proportion of male first and senior authorship between original papers and reviews/editorials was comparable. 72% of original papers had a male as first or senior author, but only 28% females. 71% of review/editorial papers had a male as first or senior author, but only 29% females. When the senior author of an original paper was female, 47.1% of first authors were male and 52.9% female. When the senior author was male, 67.1% of first authors were male and 32.9% female (p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS A significant gender difference exists in Hepatology publications. Female authorship mirrors the percentage of female AASLD membership; however, female senior authorship remains disproportionate. In general, funding for male authors is greater. Fewer women are first authors when the senior author is male, highlighting the importance of female mentorship in Hepatology.

中文翻译：

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肝病医学文献中的性别差异。

背景研究表明，学术医学中存在性别差异。男性通常具有更好的绩效衡量标准，例如出版物数量，引文数量，薪酬和资金。目的评估作者身份上是否存在性别差异。方法我们记录了2014年1月至2016年的胃肠病学，肝病学，移植，美国胃肠病学杂志和肝脏移植的原始论文的第一作者和资深作者的性别，以及与肝脏有关的手稿的社论/评论。结果共检索到2424篇文章，由于无法确定性别，排除了232（10％）。在分析的论文中，原创的72.0％和评论/编辑的28.1％，第一作者的65.1％是男性，女性是34.9％。多作者论文中只有20.3％为女性资深作者。原始论文与评论/社论之间的男性第一作者和资深作者的比例相当。原始论文中有72％的男性是第一作者或资深作者，但女性只有28％。评论/编辑论文中有71％的男性为第一作者或资深作者，但女性只有29％。当原始论文的高级作者是女性时，第一作者的47.1％是男性，而52.9％是女性。当高级作者为男性时，第一作者中的67.1％为男性，女性为32.9％（p <0.00001）。结论肝病学出版物存在明显的性别差异。女性作者身份反映了AASLD女性成员的百分比；但是，女性高级作者的比例仍然不相称。一般而言，男性作家的资金更多。高级作者为男性时，第一作者的女性人数较少，