Non-native species have been introduced at escalating rates during the last decades, mainly due to the dispersion generated by the increasing trade and transport worldwide. Mollusks, the second largest metazoan phylum in terms of species richness, are no exception to this pattern, but, to date, a comprehensive synthesis of non-native mollusk species (NNMS) in South America was not available. For this purpose, an e-discussion group was formed with malacologists and taxonomists from South America, where we exchanged and analyzed bibliography, databases and information about NNMS, providing expert opinion to this assessment. The first list of non-native mollusk species for South America, considering terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments, includes 86 NNMS distributed in 152 ecoregions (terrestrial, freshwater and marine) of the 189 recognized for the South American continent. Information on their native region, vectors, first record for South America and distribution, are also provided. In the analysis of the distribution of the NNMS and the entry points of each species (e.g., ports, cargo and passenger airports, cities) and status of conservation of the ecoregions, four hot spots were recognized: Subtropical-Atlantic, Northern Andes, Central Andes and Southern Andes. This work, thus, sets the baseline on NNMS for South America, a key piece of information regarding the development of policies targeting the management of biological invasions and their socio-ecological impacts.

中文翻译：

---

整个南美的非本土软体动物：在一个未被充分研究的大陆上的新兴模式

在过去的几十年中，非本地物种以不断增加的速度被引入，这主要是由于全球贸易和运输的增加所造成的分散。在物种丰富度方面，软体动物是第二大后生动物门，但也不例外。但是，迄今为止，南美还没有对非本地软体动物物种（NNMS）的全面综合。为此，由来自南美洲的乳汁学家和分类学家组成了一个电子讨论小组，我们在其中交换和分析了有关NNMS的书目，数据库和信息，从而为评估提供了专家意见。考虑到陆地，淡水和海洋环境，南美的第一类非本土软体动物物种包括分布在152个生态区域（陆地，淡水和海洋）中的189个被确认为南美大陆。还提供了有关其本国地区，媒介，南美洲第一记录和分布的信息。在分析NNMS的分布以及每个物种（例如港口，货运和客运机场，城市）的进入点以及生态区的保护状况时，确定了四个热点：亚热带大西洋，北安第斯山脉，中部安第斯山脉和安第斯山脉南部。因此，这项工作为南美的NNMS设定了基线，这是有关制定针对生物入侵管理及其社会生态影响的政策的关键信息。在分析NNMS的分布以及每个物种（例如港口，货运和客运机场，城市）的进入点以及生态区的保护状况时，确定了四个热点：亚热带大西洋，北安第斯山脉，中部安第斯山脉和安第斯山脉南部。因此，这项工作为南美的NNMS设定了基线，这是有关制定针对生物入侵管理及其社会生态影响的政策的关键信息。在分析NNMS的分布以及每个物种（例如港口，货运和客运机场，城市）的进入点以及生态区的保护状况时，确定了四个热点：亚热带大西洋，北安第斯山脉，中部安第斯山脉和安第斯山脉南部。因此，这项工作为南美的NNMS设定了基线，这是有关制定针对生物入侵管理及其社会生态影响的政策的关键信息。