The ability of federal agencies to carry out actions or programs is based on their legal authorities. Efforts to improve federal capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) require careful delineation of legal authorities, regulations, and policies that would enable or limit EDRR. Building on information provided by federal agencies and an inspection of the US Code and the Code of Federal Regulations, we review and identify relevant authorities to determine federal legal capacities, gaps, and inconsistencies to address EDRR. The EDRR process can be examined in the context of four categories, including (1) explicit invasive species authorities, (2) emergency authorities that could be triggered during a crisis or serve as models for enhanced invasive species EDRR authorities, (3) supporting authorities that could be used under agency discretion, and (4) constraining authorities and legal requirements. Although the Plant Protection Act and the Animal Health Protection Act are comprehensive authorities that address the detection of and response to organisms that threaten plant and livestock health, there is no single authority that encompasses EDRR for all invasive species. Rather, there is a patchwork of authorities that unevenly addresses various aspects of EDRR. In addition to gaps in authority, EDRR efforts could be constrained by environmental compliance, as well as subnational governance and private rights. Although some of these gaps could be closed through legislation, others need to be addressed using the discretionary power of federal agencies and their ability to establish cooperation mechanisms with private and subnational entities.

中文翻译：

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联邦法律机构对入侵物种的早期发现和快速反应

联邦机构执行行动或计划的能力取决于其法律权限。要努力提高联邦政府对入侵物种的早期发现和快速反应的能力，就需要仔细划定能够或限制EDRR的法律权威，法规和政策。基于联邦机构提供的信息以及对《美国法典》和《联邦规章》的检查，我们审查并确定了相关主管部门，以确定联邦在解决EDRR方面的法律能力，差距和矛盾之处。EDRR流程可以分为四类进行审查，包括（1）明确的入侵物种主管部门，（2）可能在危机期间触发或充当增强型入侵物种EDRR主管部门的模型的应急机构，（3）支持可以根据机构酌情决定权使用的主管部门，以及（4）限制主管部门和法律要求。尽管《植物保护法》和《动物健康保护法》是涉及威胁植物和牲畜健康的生物体的检测和响应的综合性机构，但没有一个单一机构涵盖所有入侵物种的EDRR。相反，有一些主管部门拼凑而成，无法解决EDRR的各个方面。除了权限方面的差距外，EDRR的工作可能会受到环境合规性以及地方治理和私人权利的限制。尽管可以通过立法弥合其中一些差距，