Plum pox virus (PPV) strain D is globally distributed and causes serious losses in stone fruits in over 40 countries. Here, full‐length genomic sequences were analysed for 44 PPV‐D isolates from all regions of Turkey, together with partial sequences for a larger number of isolates. PPV‐D isolates from Turkey are similar to other PPV‐D isolates in all major genomic features. However, the majority of Turkish PPV‐D isolates form separate phylogenetic clusters from all other isolates and show a geographical clustering tendency, suggestive of limited movement between regions. In particular, PPV‐D isolates from Thrace and Central Anatolia formed a monophyletic sister cluster to the cluster that includes all previously known PPV‐D isolates. Two isolates with strong evidence of recombination with the PPV‐T strain were identified, together with two isolates with weaker evidence for intra‐D strain recombination. The genetic diversity of PPV‐D was found to be particularly high in Turkey (0.017 ± 0.001%), close to that observed for PPV‐D world diversity once the over‐represented isolates from Japan, the USA and Canada have been excluded (0.020 ± 0.001%). Taken together, these results suggest a long and largely isolated evolutionary history of PPV‐D in Turkey and further extend knowledge of the diversity of this highly successful strain. The high diversity of PPV‐D in Turkey, together with the basal phylogenetic position of Turkish isolates, are compatible with a hypothesis making Turkey the centre of origin of the D strain.

中文翻译：

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遗传分析表明，土耳其梅花病毒D株有很长的，基本上是孤立的进化史

梅花痘病毒（PPV）株D在全球分布，在40多个国家的核果中造成严重损失。在这里，分析了来自土耳其所有地区的44个PPV-D分离株的全长基因组序列，以及大量分离株的部分序列。来自土耳其的PPV-D分离株在所有主要基因组特征上均与其他PPV-D分离株相似。但是，大多数土耳其PPV-D分离株与所有其他分离株形成独立的系统发育簇，并表现出地理上的聚集趋势，这表明区域之间的移动受限。特别是，色雷斯和安纳托利亚中部的PPV-D分离株与包括所有先前已知的PPV-D分离株的簇形成了单亲姐妹簇。鉴定出两个有力证明与PPV-T菌株重组的分离株，加上两个分离物，这些证据缺乏D内菌株重组的证据。发现PPV-D的遗传多样性在土耳其特别高（0.017±0.001％），一旦排除了来自日本，美国和加拿大的过分代表菌株，则接近PPV-D的世界多样性（0.020 ±0.001％）。综上所述，这些结果表明在土耳其PPV-D的进化历史悠久且很大程度上是孤立的，并进一步扩展了对该高度成功菌株的多样性的认识。土耳其PPV-D的高度多样性以及土耳其分离株的基础系统发育位置，与使土耳其成为D菌株起源中心的假说相符。一旦排除了来自日本，美国和加拿大的过分代表的分离株，则接近PPV-D世界多样性观察到的水平（0.020±0.001％）。综上所述，这些结果表明在土耳其PPV-D的进化历史悠久且很大程度上是孤立的，并进一步扩展了对该高度成功菌株的多样性的认识。土耳其PPV-D的高度多样性以及土耳其分离株的基础系统发育位置，与使土耳其成为D菌株起源中心的假说相符。一旦排除了来自日本，美国和加拿大的过分代表的分离株，则接近PPV-D世界多样性观察到的水平（0.020±0.001％）。综上所述，这些结果表明在土耳其PPV-D的进化历史悠久且很大程度上是孤立的，并进一步扩展了对该高度成功菌株的多样性的认识。土耳其PPV-D的高度多样性以及土耳其分离株的基础系统发育位置，与使土耳其成为D菌株起源中心的假说相符。