Using a new detailed dataset on country‐product information on European Union (EU) Geographical Indications (GIs), we study the impact of this food quality policy on trade margins over the 1996–2014 period. We consider the effect of GIs on both intra‐ and extra‐EU trade margins (extensive and intensive), as well as on export (and import) unit values. Our main results show that GIs affect trade flows differently depending on whether GIs are produced by the exporter or importer country. The presence of GIs in the exporter country systematically exerts a positive trade effect on both the extensive and intensive trade margin. When registered only in the importer country, GIs seem to act weakly as a trade‐reducing measure, at least at the intensive trade margin. In addition, GIs positively affect export prices, consistent with the idea that GI products are perceived by consumers as higher quality goods. Importantly, extra‐EU trade margins react similarly to those on intra‐EU trade. These results have clear and interesting implications concerning the EU strategy of promoting the protection of GIs worldwide.

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地理标志政策的贸易影响：欧盟案例

我们使用有关欧盟地理标志（GI）的国家产品信息的新的详细数据集，研究了1996-2014年间该食品质量政策对贸易利润的影响。我们考虑地理标志对欧盟内和欧盟外贸易利润率（广泛的和集中的）以及出口（和进口）单位价值的影响。我们的主要结果表明，地理标志对贸易流量的影响不同，这取决于地理标志是由出口国还是由进口国生产的。出口国中地理标志的存在系统地对广泛和密集的贸易边际产生了积极的贸易影响。仅在进口国注册时，地理标志似乎在减少贸易措施方面作用不强，至少在集约化贸易边际上是如此。此外，地理标志会积极影响出口价格，与消费者认为地理标志产品是高品质商品的想法一致。重要的是，欧盟外贸易利润的反应与欧盟内贸易的反应相似。这些结果对欧盟在全球范围内促进地理标志保护的战略具有明显而有趣的意义。