Smart Grid (SG) has emerged as one of the most powerful technologies of the modern era for an efficient energy management by integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) in the existing infrastructure. Among various ICT, cloud computing (CC) has emerged as one of the leading service providers which uses geo-distributed data centers (DCs) to serve the requests of users in SG. In recent times, with an increase in service requests by end users for various resources, there has been an exponential increase in the number of servers deployed at various DCs. With an increase in the size, the energy consumption of DCs has increased many folds which leads to an increase in overall operational cost of DCs. However, efficient resource allocation among these geo-distributed DCs may play a vital role in reducing the energy consumption of DCs. Moreover, with an increase in harmful emissions, the use of renewable energy sources (RES) can benefit DCs, SG, and society at large. Keeping focus on these points, in this paper, an energy-aware resource allocation scheme is proposed using a Stackelberg game for energy management in cloud-based DCs. For this purpose, a cloud controller is used to receive the requests of users which then distributes these requests among geo-distributed DCs in such a way that the energy consumption of DCs is sustained by RES. However, if energy consumption of DCs is not sustained by RES then the energy is drawn from the grid. The requests of users are routed to the DC which is offered lowest energy tariff from the grid. For this purpose, a Stackelberg game for energy trading is also proposed to select the grid offering lowest energy tariff to DCs. The proposed scheme is evaluated using various performance metrics using Google workload traces. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

中文翻译：

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使用 RES 进行能源感知资源分配以维持数据中心的 Stackelberg 博弈

通过将信息和通信技术 (ICT) 集成到现有基础设施中，智能电网 (SG) 已成为现代高效能源管理中最强大的技术之一。在各种 ICT 中，云计算 (CC) 已成为领先的服务提供商之一，它使用地理分布式数据中心 (DC) 来满足 SG 用户的请求。近年来，随着终端用户对各种资源的服务请求的增加，部署在各个数据中心的服务器数量呈指数级增长。随着规模的增加，DC的能耗增加了许多倍，导致DC的整体运营成本增加。然而，这些地理分布的 DC 之间的有效资源分配可能在降低 DC 的能源消耗方面发挥至关重要的作用。此外，随着有害排放量的增加，可再生能源 (RES) 的使用可以使 DC、SG 和整个社会受益。围绕这些点，在本文中，使用 Stackelberg 博弈提出了一种能量感知资源分配方案，用于基于云的 DC 中的能量管理。为此，云控制器用于接收用户的请求，然后将这些请求分发到地理分布式 DC，从而使 DC 的能源消耗由 RES 维持。然而，如果 DC 的能源消耗不是由 RES 维持的，那么能源将从电网中提取。用户的请求被路由到从电网提供最低能源费率的 DC。为此，还提出了用于能源交易的 Stackelberg 博弈，以选择向 DC 提供最低能源关税的电网。使用 Google 工作负载跟踪，使用各种性能指标评估所提出的方案。获得的结果表明了所提出方案的有效性。