Debate over the implementation of food assistance programs and the role of in‐kind food aid has intensified in recent years. Within that context, we study a randomized control trial of rural communities in Yemen. From 2011 to 2012, poor households in half of the communities received assistance in the form of in‐kind food (wheat flour and oil), and households in the other half received an equal valued cash transfer. On average, those that received cash exhibited greater dietary diversity, with differences driven largely by increases in consumption of protein‐rich foods like meat and fish. However, food households consumed, on average, approximately 150 more calories per person per day than cash recipients, due largely to higher wheat flour and oil consumption. Modality type did not significantly affect non‐food consumption, including usage of qat, a mildly narcotic leaf consumed widely in Yemen, and cash cost less to deliver than food.

中文翻译：

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以面包的形式？也门现金和粮食转移的随机比较

近年来，关于粮食援助计划实施和实物粮食援助作用的争论愈演愈烈。在这种情况下，我们研究了也门农村社区的随机对照试验。2011 年至 2012 年，一半社区的贫困家庭获得了实物食品（小麦粉和油）形式的援助，另一半家庭获得了等值的现金转移支付。平均而言，接受现金的人表现出更大的饮食多样性，差异主要是由于肉类和鱼类等富含蛋白质的食物的消费量增加所致。然而，平均而言，粮食家庭每人每天消耗的卡路里比现金接收者多约 150 卡路里，这主要是由于小麦面粉和油的消耗量较高。方式类型对非食品消费没有显着影响，包括使用 qat、