The aging brain is associated with significant pathophysiological changes reflected in changes in astrocyte function. In this study, we hypothesized that the response of astrocytes to mechanical and inflammatory stimulation would differ with long-term culture. We report that naïve short-term cultured (young) and long-term cultured astrocytes (aged) exhibit similar recovery to a scratch wound assay. However, in response to IL-1β young astrocytes have an arrested recovery which is not observed in IL-1β treated aged astrocytes. We had recently reported that astrocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) in response to IL-1β treatment. Given the disparate phenotypes between young and aged astrocytes, we next examined whether the EVs released from astrocytes reflected the differences in cellular responses to scratch and IL-1B treatment. Young cultures challenged with EVs collected from IL-1β treated cells exhibited a robust inhibition of wound recovery when compared to astrocytes treated with EVs collected from IL-1β treated aged astrocyte cultures. Heterochronic experiments also determined that the effect of IL-1β on astrocyte scratch wound recovery could be recapitulated by EVs alone. Taken together, these findings provide new information on how senescence alters the functional response and how EVs from astrocytes may elicit changes in glial responses which may have relevance to understanding neurological diseases.

中文翻译：

---

IL-1β对星形胶质细胞的影响通过细胞外囊泡传递，并受年龄影响。

大脑老化与星形胶质细胞功能变化所反映的明显病理生理变化有关。在这项研究中，我们假设星形胶质细胞对机械刺激和炎症刺激的反应随长期培养而不同。我们报告说，幼稚的短期培养（年轻）和长期培养的星形胶质细胞（衰老）表现出与刮伤试验相似的恢复。然而，响应IL-1β，年轻的星形胶质细胞具有停滞的恢复，这在经IL-1β治疗的老年星形胶质细胞中未观察到。我们最近报道了星形胶质细胞响应IL-1β治疗释放细胞外囊泡（EVs）。鉴于年轻和老年星形胶质细胞之间的表型不同，我们接下来检查了星形胶质细胞释放的EV是否反映了细胞对刮擦和IL-1B治疗的反应差异。与用IL-1β处理过的星形胶质细胞培养物收集的EVs处理的星形胶质细胞相比，用从IL-1β处理过的细胞收集的EV进行攻击的年轻培养物对伤口的恢复表现出强大的抑制作用。异时性实验还确定，单独使用电动汽车可以概括IL-1β对星形胶质细胞划痕伤口恢复的影响。综上所述，这些发现提供了有关衰老如何改变功能反应以及星形胶质细胞的电动汽车如何引起神经胶质反应变化的新信息，这可能与了解神经系统疾病有关。异时性实验还确定，单独使用电动汽车可以概括IL-1β对星形胶质细胞划痕伤口恢复的影响。综上所述，这些发现提供了有关衰老如何改变功能反应以及星形胶质细胞的电动汽车如何引起神经胶质反应变化的新信息，这可能与了解神经系统疾病有关。异时性实验还确定，单独使用电动汽车可以概括IL-1β对星形胶质细胞划痕伤口恢复的影响。综上所述，这些发现提供了有关衰老如何改变功能反应以及星形胶质细胞的电动汽车如何引起神经胶质反应变化的新信息，这可能与了解神经系统疾病有关。