The wider use of renewable feedstock in structural applications, where high mechanical performance is required, can be achieved by the application of recently developed engineering biopolymers and their further modification by micro- and nanoparticles. In this review, we present the current state of the art of biopolyamide materials for structural and functional applications. The overview includes all stages of the manufacturing—from the synthesis of building blocks, through the synthesis of polymers and its physical modification, with special emphasis on the properties of the obtained engineering biocomposites as a final product of modern polymer technology. In the first part, the synthetic routes of bio-derived counterparts of common polyamides as well as specialty polymers with functional properties arising from the complex structure of biochemicals were exemplified. The development of environmentally friendly composites and nanocomposites based on biopolyamides and natural fillers, such as plant fibers or cellulosic nanofibers, was of particular interest due to preserved sustainable character of such materials.

中文翻译：

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现代生物聚酰胺基材料：合成与改性

在需要高机械性能的结构应用中更广泛地使用可再生原料，可以通过应用最近开发的工程生物聚合物及其通过微米和纳米粒子的进一步改性来实现。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了用于结构和功能应用的生物聚酰胺材料的当前技术水平。概述包括制造的所有阶段——从构建块的合成，到聚合物的合成及其物理改性，特别强调获得的工程生物复合材料作为现代聚合物技术的最终产品的特性。在第一部分，举例说明了普通聚酰胺的生物衍生对应物以及具有由生化物质复杂结构产生的功能特性的特种聚合物的合成路线。基于生物聚酰胺和天然填料（如植物纤维或纤维素纳米纤维）的环保复合材料和纳米复合材料的开发特别令人感兴趣，因为这些材料具有可持续的特性。