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A novel small molecule targets androgen receptor and its splice variants in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-25 , DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0489
Zhenyu Yang 1, 2, 3 , Dan Wang 3 , James K. Johnson 4 , Laura E. Pascal 3 , Keita Takubo 4 , Raghunandan Avula 5 , Anish Bhaswanth Chakka 5 , Jianhua Zhou 3 , Wei Chen 3 , Mingming Zhong 3 , Qiong Song 3, 6 , Hui Ding 3 , Zeyu Wu 3 , Uma R. Chandran 5 , Taber S. Maskrey 4 , Joel B. Nelson 3, 7 , Peter Wipf 4, 7 , Zhou Wang 3, 7, 8
Affiliation  

Reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) appears to be the major mechanism driving the resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to second-generation antiandrogens and involves AR overexpression, AR mutation, and/or expression of AR splice variants lacking ligand-binding domain. There is a need for novel small molecules targeting AR, particularly those also targeting AR splice variants such as ARv7. A high-throughput/high-content screen was previously reported that led to the discovery of a novel lead compound, 2-(((3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)-1-(4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-one (IMTPPE), capable of inhibiting nuclear AR level and activity in CRPC cells, including those resistant to enzalutamide. A novel analogue of IMTPPE, JJ-450, has been investigated with evidence for its direct and specific inhibition of AR transcriptional activity via a pulldown assay and RNA-sequencing analysis, PSA-based luciferase, qPCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and xenograft tumor model 22Rv1. JJ-450 blocks AR recruitment to androgen-responsive elements and suppresses AR target gene expression. JJ-450 also inhibits ARv7 transcriptional activity and its target gene expression. Importantly, JJ-450 suppresses the growth of CRPC tumor xenografts, including ARv7-expressing 22Rv1. Collectively, these findings suggest JJ-450 represents a new class of AR antagonists with therapeutic potential for CRPC, including those resistant to enzalutamide.

中文翻译:

一种新的小分子靶向雄激素受体及其在去势抵抗性前列腺癌中的剪接变体

雄激素受体 (AR) 的重新激活似乎是驱动去势抵抗性前列腺癌 (CRPC) 对第二代抗雄激素药物产生耐药性的主要机制,涉及 AR 过表达、AR 突变和/或缺乏配体结合的 AR 剪接变体的表达领域。需要靶向 AR 的新型小分子,特别是那些也靶向 AR 剪接变体如 ARv7 的小分子。先前报道了一种高通量/高含量筛选,导致发现了一种新的先导化合物,2-(((3,5-二甲基异恶唑-4-基)甲基)硫代)-1-(4-(2 ,3-二甲基苯基)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-one (IMTPPE),能够抑制 CRPC 细胞(包括对恩杂鲁胺耐药的细胞)的核 AR 水平和活性。一种新型 IMTPPE 类似物,JJ-450,已经通过下拉分析和 RNA 测序分析、基于 PSA 的荧光素酶、qPCR 和染色质免疫沉淀分析以及异种移植肿瘤模型 22Rv1 研究了其对 AR 转录活性的直接和特异性抑制的证据。JJ-450 阻止 AR 募集到雄激素反应元件并抑制 AR 靶基因表达。JJ-450 还抑制 ARv7 转录活性及其靶基因表达。重要的是,JJ-450 抑制 CRPC 肿瘤异种移植物的生长,包括表达 ARv7 的 22Rv1。总的来说,这些发现表明 JJ-450 代表了一类新的 AR 拮抗剂,具有治疗 CRPC 的潜力,包括对恩杂鲁胺耐药的那些。和异种移植肿瘤模型 22Rv1。JJ-450 阻止 AR 募集到雄激素反应元件并抑制 AR 靶基因表达。JJ-450 还抑制 ARv7 转录活性及其靶基因表达。重要的是,JJ-450 抑制 CRPC 肿瘤异种移植物的生长,包括表达 ARv7 的 22Rv1。总的来说,这些发现表明 JJ-450 代表了一类新的 AR 拮抗剂,具有治疗 CRPC 的潜力,包括对恩杂鲁胺耐药的那些。和异种移植肿瘤模型 22Rv1。JJ-450 阻止 AR 募集到雄激素反应元件并抑制 AR 靶基因表达。JJ-450 还抑制 ARv7 转录活性及其靶基因表达。重要的是,JJ-450 抑制 CRPC 肿瘤异种移植物的生长,包括表达 ARv7 的 22Rv1。总的来说,这些发现表明 JJ-450 代表了一类新的 AR 拮抗剂,具有治疗 CRPC 的潜力,包括对恩杂鲁胺耐药的那些。
更新日期:2019-09-25
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