Over the past decade, colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQD-SCs) have been developed rapidly, with their performances reaching over 16% power conversion efficiency. Accompanied by the development in materials engineering (CQD surface chemistry) and device physics (structures and defect engineering), CQD-SCs are moving towards commercialization. A broad overview of the requirements for commercialization is thus timely and imperative. Broad comprehension of structure engineering, upscaling techniques, stability and the manufacturing cost of CQD-SCs is necessary and should be established. In this review, the development of device structures is presented with their corresponding charge transfer mechanisms. Then, we overview the upscaling methods for the mass production of CQD-SCs. Comparisons between each of the upscaling techniques suggest the most advanced process close to industrialization. In addition, we have investigated the origin of the photovoltaic (PV) performance degradation. The possible degradation sources are categorized according to external environmental factors. Moreover, strategies for improving the stability of CQD-SCs are presented. In the conclusion, we have reviewed the cost-effectiveness of CQD-SCs in terms of the niche PV market. Step-wise manufacturing cost analysis for the commercial CQD-SCs is presented. In the conclusion, the future direction for environment-friendly CQD-SCs is discussed.

中文翻译：

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走向胶体量子点太阳能电池的商业化：器件结构和制造的观点

在过去的十年中，胶体量子点太阳能电池（CQD-SC）迅速发展，其性能达到了超过16％的功率转换效率。随着材料工程（CQD表面化学）和设备物理（结构和缺陷工程）的发展，CQD-SC正在走向商业化。因此，及时而必要的是对商业化要求进行广泛的概述。CQD-SC的结构工程，升级技术，稳定性和制造成本的广泛理解是必要的，应该建立。在这篇综述中，介绍了器件结构的发展及其相应的电荷转移机制。然后，我们概述了大规模生产CQD-SC的升级方法。每种升级技术之间的比较表明，接近工业化的最先进的过程。此外，我们还研究了光伏（PV）性能下降的原因。可能的降解源根据外部环境因素进行分类。此外，提出了改善CQD-SCs稳定性的策略。总之，我们从利基光伏市场的角度回顾了CQD-SC的成本效益。介绍了商用CQD-SC的分步制造成本分析。最后，讨论了环境友好型CQD-SC的未来方向。可能的降解源根据外部环境因素进行分类。此外，提出了改善CQD-SCs稳定性的策略。总之，我们从利基光伏市场的角度回顾了CQD-SC的成本效益。介绍了商用CQD-SC的分步制造成本分析。最后，讨论了环境友好型CQD-SC的未来方向。可能的降解源根据外部环境因素进行分类。此外，提出了改善CQD-SCs稳定性的策略。总之，我们从利基光伏市场的角度回顾了CQD-SC的成本效益。介绍了商用CQD-SC的分步制造成本分析。最后，讨论了环境友好型CQD-SC的未来方向。