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Survival of Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans, associated with acute oak decline, in rainwater and forest soil.
Systematic and Applied Microbiology ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2019.126052
Bethany J Pettifor 1 , James Doonan 1 , Sandra Denman 2 , James E McDonald 1
Affiliation  

Acute oak decline (AOD) affects native UK oak species causing rapid decline and mortality in as little as five years. A major symptom of AOD is black weeping stem lesions associated with bacterial phytopathogens, Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans. However, there is limited knowledge on the ecological and environmental reservoirs of these phytopathogens. Rainwater and soils are common reservoirs of plant pathogens in a forest environment; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the survival of B. goodwinii and G. quercinecans in vitro when inoculated into rainwater and forest soil using a combination of agar-based colony counts and gyrB gene-targeted quantitative PCR (qPCR). Brenneria goodwinii lost viability on inoculation into soil and rainwater, but was detectable at low abundance in soil for 28 days using qPCR, suggesting a limited ability to persist outside of the host, potentially in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Conversely, Gibbsiella quercinecans, was re-isolated from rainwater for the entire duration of the experiment (84 days) and was re-isolated from forest soil after 28 days, with qPCR analysis corroborating these trends. These data demonstrate that B. goodwinii is unable to survive in forest soils and rainwater, suggesting that it may be an endosymbiont of oak trees, whereas G. quercinecans remains viable in soil and rainwater biomes, suggesting a broad ecological distribution. These data advance understanding of the potential epidemiology of AOD-associated bacteria and their ecological reservoirs, thus increasing the overall knowledge of the pathology of AOD, which assists the development of future management strategies.



中文翻译:

在雨水和森林土壤中,Brenneria goodwinii和Gibbsiella quercinecans的生存与严重的橡树衰落有关。

急性橡树衰落(AOD)影响英国本土的橡木树种,导致在短短五年内迅速下降和致死。AOD的主要症状是与细菌性植物病原体,李氏细小球菌槲皮Gibbsiella queccinecans有关的黑色哭泣茎部病变。然而,关于这些植物病原体的生态和环境储藏的知识有限。雨水和土壤是森林环境中植物病原体的常见储存库;因此,本研究的目的是结合琼脂基菌落计数和以gyrB基因为靶标的定量PCR(qPCR)的组合,研究古德温芽孢杆菌槲皮芽孢杆菌在雨水和森林土壤中的体外存活率。鸡李氏不动杆菌在接种到土壤和雨水中后丧失了活力,但使用qPCR在土壤中以低丰度检测了28天,这表明其在宿主体外的持久能力有限,可能处于可行但不可培养的状态。相反,在整个实验期间(84天),从雨水中重新分离出了吉布氏菌quercinecans,在28天后又从森林土壤中分离出了吉布斯氏菌,qPCR分析证实了这些趋势。这些数据表明,古德氏芽孢杆菌不能在森林土壤和雨水中生存,这表明它可能是橡树的内共生体,而克氏曲霉在土壤和雨水生物群落中仍保持活力,表明其生态分布广泛。这些数据使人们对AOD相关细菌及其生态库的潜在流行病学有了更深入的了解,从而增加了对AOD病理学的全面了解,从而有助于制定未来的管理策略。

更新日期:2020-01-03
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