Abstract An enquiry-based and participatory analysis approach is carried out to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the heterogeneous legislations across Europe that regulate the integration of landslide hazard into urban planning. Twenty one national and eight regional Geological Surveys (GSs) have participated in the analysis. The GSs report almost 4000 recent (2015–2017) damaging landslides events resulting in 39 fatalities and 155 injuries, destruction to housing, infrastructure and properties. In addition, 11 countries report 18 MORLE events over the past 10 years responsible for 150 fatalities and severe economic impacts. Results also reveal almost 48 million people living in areas with high and very high degrees of landslide-susceptibility (around 1 million km2 according to ELSUS v2). This work shows that almost half the participating countries (10 countries) have no legal guidance in the National Land Bill to stipulate consideration of landslides in urban planning practices, and mapping tools are often not adapted to a standard required to inform sustainable development. Furthermore, there is a wide range of laws and a large heterogeneity of mapping methods, scales and procedures. A relevant deficiency detected in many countries is the lack of landslide maps at a detailed resolution for urban planning. Additionally, some case studies of suboptimal urban development practices in areas of known instability have been discussed; they are found to be related to weak rule of law and/or absence of good governance. This paper shows inconsistencies across Europe in the handling of landslides and proposes a series of key actions to improve this situation, highlighting the need for a common regulatory framework to deal with this geohazard appropriately.

中文翻译：

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将滑坡灾害纳入整个欧洲的城市规划

摘要 进行了一种基于调查和参与式的分析方法，以确定整个欧洲将滑坡灾害纳入城市规划的异质立法的优缺点。21 个国家和 8 个区域地质调查局 (GS) 参与了分析。GS 报告了近 4000 次（2015-2017 年）破坏性山体滑坡事件，造成 39 人死亡和 155 人受伤，房屋、基础设施和财产遭到破坏。此外，11 个国家报告了过去 10 年发生的 18 起 MORLE 事件，造成 150 人死亡和严重的经济影响。结果还显示，近 4800 万人生活在高度和非常高度滑坡易感性地区（根据 ELSUS v2 约为 100 万平方公里）。这项工作表明，几乎一半的参与国（10 个国家）在《国家土地法案》中没有规定在城市规划实践中考虑滑坡的法律指导，而且测绘工具往往不适应可持续发展所需的标准。此外，存在广泛的法律和映射方法、尺度和程序的巨大异质性。许多国家发现的一个相关缺陷是缺乏用于城市规划的详细分辨率的滑坡地图。此外，还讨论了一些关于已知不稳定地区的次优城市发展实践的案例研究；发现它们与法治薄弱和/或缺乏善政有关。