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Vascular Plants Are Globally Significant Contributors to Marine Carbon Fluxes and Sinks
Annual Review of Marine Science ( IF 17.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095333
Simon M. Cragg 1 , Daniel A. Friess 2 , Lucy G. Gillis 3 , Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett 4 , Oliver M. Terrett 5 , Joy E.M. Watts 6 , Daniel L. Distel 7 , Paul Dupree 5
Affiliation  

More than two-thirds of global biomass consists of vascular plants. A portion of the detritus they generate is carried into the oceans from land and highly productive blue carbon ecosystems—salt marshes, mangrove forests, and seagrass meadows. This large detrital input receives scant attention in current models of the global carbon cycle, though for blue carbon ecosystems, increasingly well-constrained estimates of biomass, productivity, and carbon fluxes, reviewed in this article, are now available. We show that the fate of this detritus differs markedly from that of strictly marine origin, because the former contains lignocellulose—an energy-rich polymer complex of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin that is resistant to enzymatic breakdown. This complex can be depolymerized for nutritional purposes by specialized marine prokaryotes, fungi, protists, and invertebrates using enzymes such as glycoside hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to release sugar monomers. The lignin component, however, is less readily depolymerized, and detritus therefore becomes lignin enriched, particularly in anoxic sediments, and forms a major carbon sink in blue carbon ecosystems. Eventual lignin breakdown releases a wide variety of small molecules that may contribute significantly to the oceanic pool of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon. Marine carbon fluxes and sinks dependent on lignocellulosic detritus are important ecosystem services that are vulnerable to human interventions. These services must be considered when protecting blue carbon ecosystems and planning initiatives aimed at mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions.

中文翻译:


血管植物是海洋碳通量和汇的全球重要贡献者

全球生物质的三分之二以上是维管植物。它们产生的一部分碎屑从陆地和高产的蓝色碳生态系统(盐沼,红树林和海草草甸)带入海洋。尽管在蓝碳生态系统中,如今对本文提出的生物量,生产力和碳通量的估计越来越严格,但在全球碳循环的当前模型中,这种大量的有害输入很少受到关注。我们证明了这种碎屑的命运与严格海洋来源的命运有显着差异,因为前者含有木质纤维素-一种富含能量的纤维素,半纤维素和木质素聚合物复合物,能够抵抗酶促分解。该复合物可以通过专门的海洋原核生物,真菌,保护动物的无脊椎动物,并使用诸如糖苷水解酶和裂解多糖单加氧酶的无脊椎动物释放糖单体。然而,木质素组分不容易解聚,因此碎屑变得富含木质素,特别是在缺氧沉积物中,并在蓝碳生态系统中形成主要的碳汇。最终,木质素分解会释放出各种各样的小分子,这些小分子可能对顽固性溶解有机碳的海洋库有重大贡献。依赖于木质纤维素碎屑的海洋碳通量和汇是重要的生态系统服务,容易受到人类干预。在保护蓝碳生态系统和制定旨在减少人为碳排放量的计划时,必须考虑这些服务。和无脊椎动物使用糖苷水解酶和裂解多糖单加氧酶等酶释放糖单体。然而,木质素组分不易解聚,因此碎屑变得富含木质素,特别是在缺氧沉积物中,并在蓝碳生态系统中形成主要的碳汇。最终,木质素分解会释放出各种各样的小分子,这些小分子可能对顽固性溶解有机碳的海洋库有重大贡献。依赖于木质纤维素碎屑的海洋碳通量和汇是重要的生态系统服务,容易受到人类干预。在保护蓝碳生态系统和制定旨在减少人为碳排放量的计划时,必须考虑这些服务。和无脊椎动物使用糖苷水解酶和裂解多糖单加氧酶等酶释放糖单体。然而,木质素组分不容易解聚,因此碎屑变得富含木质素,特别是在缺氧沉积物中,并在蓝碳生态系统中形成主要的碳汇。最终,木质素分解会释放出各种各样的小分子,这些小分子可能对顽固性溶解有机碳的海洋库有重大贡献。依赖于木质纤维素碎屑的海洋碳通量和汇是重要的生态系统服务,容易受到人类干预。在保护蓝碳生态系统和制定旨在减少人为碳排放量的计划时,必须考虑这些服务。

更新日期:2020-04-21
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