Unconventional T cell subsets, including donor-unrestricted T cells (DURTs) and γδ T cells, are promising new players in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. In this issue of the JCI, Ogongo et al. used T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to characterize unconventional T cell subsets in surgical lung resections and blood from Mycobacterium tuberculosis–infected (Mtb-infected) individuals with and without HIV coinfection. The study revealed highly localized expansions of γδ T cell clonotypes not previously associated with the immune response to Mtb and demonstrates the power of high-throughput analysis of the TCR repertoire directly from infected tissue. The findings contribute to our understanding of tuberculosis control and have implications for the development of both therapeutic and vaccination strategies.

非常规T细胞亚群，包括供体无限制T细胞（DURTs）和γδT细胞，有望成为治疗和预防传染病的新角色。在JCI的这一期中，Ogongo等人。使用T细胞受体（TCR）测序来表征外科肺切除术和来自结核分枝杆菌感染（受Mtb感染）的有无HIV合并感染个体的非常规T细胞亚群。这项研究揭示了以前与Mtb免疫反应不相关的γδT细胞克隆型的高度局部化扩展，并证明了直接从被感染组织中进行TCR库的高通量分析的能力。这些发现有助于我们对结核病控制的了解，对治疗和疫苗接种策略的发展都具有重要意义。