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C9orf72 Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in Indian ALS patients: A common founder and its geographical predilection.
Neurobiology of Aging ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.024
Uzma Shamim 1 , Sakshi Ambawat 1 , Jyotsna Singh 1 , Aneesa Thomas 2 , Chevula Pradeep-Chandra-Reddy 3 , Varun Suroliya 2 , Bharathram Uppilli 1 , Shaista Parveen 1 , Pooja Sharma 1 , Shankar Chanchal 1 , Saraswati Nashi 3 , Veeramani Preethish-Kumar 3 , Seena Vengalil 3 , Kiran Polavarapu 3 , Muddasu Keerthipriya 3 , Niranjan Prakash Mahajan 3 , Neeraja Reddy 3 , Priya Treesa Thomas 4 , Arun Sadasivan 4 , Manjusha Warrier 4 , Malika Seth 4 , Sana Zahra 4 , Aradhana Mathur 1 , Deepti Vibha 2 , Achal K Srivastava 2 , Atchayaram Nalini 3 , Mohammed Faruq 1
Affiliation  

Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 is defined as a major causative factor for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mutation frequency varies dramatically among populations of different ethnicity; however, in most cases, C9orf72 mutant has been described on a common founder haplotype. We assessed its frequency in a study cohort involving 593 clinically and electrophysiologically defined ALS cases. We also investigated the presence of reported Finnish haplotype among the mutation carriers. The identified common haplotype region was further screened in 192 (carrying 2-6 G4C2 repeats) and 96 (≥7 repeats) control chromosomes. The G4C2 expansion was observed in 3.2% (19/593) of total cases where 9/19 (47.4%) positive cases belonged to the eastern region of India. Haplotype analysis revealed 11 G4C2-Ex carriers shared the common haplotype (haplo-A) background spanning a region of ∼90 kbp (rs895021-rs11789520) including rs3849942 (a well-known global at-risk loci with T allele for G4C2 expansion). The other 3 G4C2-Ex cases had a different haplotype (haplo-B) with core difference from haplo-A at G4C2-Ex flanking 31 kbp region between rs3849942 and rs11789520 SNPs (allele 'C' of rs3849942 which is a nonrisk allele). Out of other five G4C2-cases, four carried the risk allele T of rs3849942 while one harbored the non-risk allele. This study establishes the prevalence of C9orf72 expansion in Indian ALS cases providing further evidence for geographical predilection. The global core risk haplotype predominated C9orf72 expansion-positive ALS cases, yet the existence of a different haplotype suggests a second lineage (haplo B), which may have been derived from the Finnish core haplotype or may imply a unique haplotype among Asians. The association of risk haplotype with normal intermediate C9orf72 alleles reinforced its role in conferring instability to the C9orf72-G4C2 region. We thus present an effective support to interpret future burden of ALS cases in India.

中文翻译:

印度 ALS 患者的 C9orf72 六核苷酸重复扩增:一个共同的创始人及其地理偏好。

C9orf72 中的六核苷酸重复扩增被定义为家族性肌萎缩侧索硬化 (ALS) 的主要致病因素。不同种族人群的突变频率差异很大;然而,在大多数情况下,C9orf72 突变体已被描述为一个共同的创始人单倍型。我们在一项涉及 593 名临床和电生理学定义的 ALS 病例的研究队列中评估了其频率。我们还调查了突变携带者中报告的芬兰单倍型的存在。在 192 个(携带 2-6 个 G4C2 重复)和 96 个(≥7 个重复)对照染色体中进一步筛选了鉴定的常见单倍型区域。在总病例的 3.2% (19/593) 中观察到 G4C2 扩张,其中 9/19 (47.4%) 阳性病例属于印度东部地区。单倍型分析显示,11 个 G4C2-Ex 携带者共享共同的单倍型 (haplo-A) 背景,跨越约 90 kbp (rs895021-rs11789520) 的区域,包括 rs3849942(一个众所周知的具有 G4C2 扩展的 T 等位基因的全球风险基因座)。其他 3 个 G4C2-Ex 病例具有不同的单倍型 (haplo-B),与 G4C2-Ex 的 haplo-A 的核心差异位于 rs3849942 和 rs11789520 SNP 之间的 31 kbp 区域(rs3849942 的等位基因“C”,这是一个非风险等位基因)。在其他五个 G4C2 病例中,四个携带 rs3849942 的风险等位基因 T,而一个携带非风险等位基因。该研究确定了印度 ALS 病例中 C9orf72 扩增的流行,为地理偏好提供了进一步的证据。全球核心风险单倍型以 C9orf72 扩增阳性 ALS 病例为主,然而,不同单倍型的存在表明存在第二个谱系(单倍 B),它可能源自芬兰核心单倍型或可能暗示亚洲人中的独特单倍型。风险单倍型与正常中间 C9orf72 等位基因的关联加强了其在赋予 C9orf72-G4C2 区域不稳定性方面的作用。因此,我们为解释印度 ALS 病例的未来负担提供了有效的支持。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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