Abstract Small islands face environmental issues directly or indirectly related to land cover/land use changes (LCLUC), such as natural hazards, climate change, loss of biodiversity and proliferation of invasive alien species, some of which are caused by direct human exploitation. A Land Cover/Land Use Change (LCLUC) detection approach based on PCA and vegetation indices derived from low cost high-resolution RapidEye multispectral satellite data and available vegetation maps was developed to assess vegetated/forested aboveground carbon stocks and their changes in Madeira Island, Portugal, for the period between December 2009 and August 2011 due to catastrophic events occurred in 2010. During this period, the identified LCLUC revealed a relevant decrease of vegetated areas (especially those dominated by native/endemic communities) substituted by increases of non-vegetated and human-managed vegetated/forested areas. In particular, there was a decrease of 2% of vegetated areas, 30% of which were represented by native/endemic vegetation. The largest and most accurate LCLUC detected were used to estimate changes in aboveground biomass carbon (AGC) stocks. In 2010 more than 25,000 Mg of AGC stocks may have been released. Both relevant LCLUC and AGC stocks depletion in such short period of time may have been strongly enhanced by two catastrophic events that affected Madeira in February (flashflood and landslides) and August 2010 (wildfires). This straightforward and cost-effective methodological approach may be successfully applied in remote territories such as islands or mountainous areas, where the logistic and economic costs associated to periodic and standard airborne remote sensing campaigns for mapping, assessing and monitoring aboveground biomass carbon stocks are generally unaffordable for most decision-makers and land managers in these territories.

中文翻译：

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地图和评估土地覆盖/土地利用和地上碳储量快速变化的海洋小岛陆地生态系统：葡萄牙马德拉岛的案例研究（2009-2011）

摘要 小岛屿面临与土地覆盖/土地利用变化 (LCLUC) 直接或间接相关的环境问题，例如自然灾害、气候变化、生物多样性丧失和外来入侵物种扩散，其中一些是由人类直接开发造成的。开发了一种基于 PCA 和植被指数的土地覆盖/土地利用变化 (LCLUC) 检测方法，这些指数源自低成本高分辨率 RapidEye 多光谱卫星数据和可用植被图，以评估马德拉岛的植被/森林地上碳储量及其变化，葡萄牙，2009 年 12 月至 2011 年 8 月期间，由于 2010 年发生了灾难性事件。在此期间，已确定的 LCLUC 显示植被面积（尤其是那些由本地/地方社区占主导地位的区域）的相关减少被无植被和人类管理的植被/森林面积的增加所取代。特别是，植被面积减少了 2%，其中 30% 为本地/地方性植被。检测到的最大和最准确的 LCLUC 用于估计地上生物量碳 (AGC) 库的变化。2010 年可能释放了超过 25,000 毫克的 AGC 库存。在如此短的时间内，相关 LCLUC 和 AGC 存量的枯竭可能因 2 月影响马德拉岛（山洪和山体滑坡）和 2010 年 8 月（野火）的两起灾难性事件而大大加剧。