Nilaparvata lugens is a serious threat to rice growth. Glycogen metabolism is one of the important physiological processes of insects, which is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP). In the present study, trehalose content was significantly reduced at 72 h after NlGP and NlGS knockdown, whereas glucose content was significantly increased at both 48 h and 72 h after GS knockdown. RNAi combined with RNA-Seq was used to identify NlGP- and NlGS-related pathways and genes in N. lugens. A total of 593 genes were up-regulated and 5969 genes were down-regulated after NlGP and NlGS knockdown, respectively. Moreover, the NlGS-knockdown group was mapped to 10,967 pathways, whereas the NlGP-knockdown group was mapped to 7948 pathways, and the greatest differences between the groups were associated with carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and energy metabolism. Meanwhile, 1800, 1217, and 1211 transcripts in the NlGP-knockdown group and 2511, 1666, and 1727 transcripts in the NlGS-knockdown group were involved in bioprocess, cellular ingredients and molecular function, respectively. Almost all these genes were down-regulated by either NlGP or NlGS knockdown, with significant down-regulation of the 6-trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS), trehalase (TRE), GS, GP, phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PGM, n = 2), Insulin receptors (InRs) and insulin-like peptides (Ilps) genes. These results have demonstrated that RNAi-mediated NlGP and NlGS knockdown could lead to content of trehalose and glucose out of balance, but have no obvious effect on glycogen content, and have suggested that GS plays more complex role in other metabolism pathway of N. lugens.

中文翻译：

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糖原合酶和糖原磷酸化酶敲低对水稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens糖原和胰岛素相关基因表达的影响。

Nilaparvata lugens严重威胁水稻的生长。糖原代谢是昆虫重要的生理过程之一，主要由糖原合酶（GS）和糖原磷酸化酶（GP）调控。在本研究中，在敲除NlGP和NlGS后72 h，海藻糖含量显着降低，而在敲除GS后48 h和72 h，葡萄糖含量均显着增加。RNAi与RNA-Seq结合用于鉴定黄褐猪笼草中与NlGP和NlGS相关的途径和基因。NlGP和NlGS敲低后，总共593个基因被上调，而5969个基因被下调。此外，NlGS组合组被映射到10,967条途径，而NlGP组合组被映射到7948条途径，这两个组之间最大的差异与碳水化合物，脂质，氨基酸和能量代谢。同时，NlGP-knockdown组中的1800、1217和1211转录物以及NlGS-knockdown组中的2511、1666和1727转录物分别涉及生物过程，细胞成分和分子功能。几乎所有这些基因都被NlGP或NlGS抑制下调，而6-海藻糖磷酸合酶（TPS），海藻糖酶（TRE），GS，GP，磷酸乙酰葡糖胺突变酶（PGM，n = 2）显着下调，胰岛素受体（InRs）和胰岛素样肽（Ilps）基因。这些结果表明，RNAi介导的NlGP和NlGS敲低可能导致海藻糖和葡萄糖含量失衡，但对糖原含量没有明显影响，并表明GS在黄褐藻的其他代谢途径中起着更复杂的作用。