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Terrestrial Toxicity of Synthetic Gas-to-Liquid versus Crude Oil-Derived Drilling Fluids in Soil.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 , DOI: 10.1002/etc.4658
Lisa Arneson Westbrook 1 , Darcy A Chase 1 , Joseph Mudge 1 , Sarah A Hughes 2, 3 , Delina Lyon 2 , Meijun Dong 4 , Deborah Carr 4 , Todd A Anderson 1
Affiliation  

Unlike most other conventional petroleum products that are derived from crude oil, gas-to-liquids (GTLs) are petroleum products that are synthesized from natural gas (methane). This process results in GTL products having no sulfur and low aromatic content, so they should have less impact on human health and the environment compared with crude oil-derived products. The GTLs have been registered for use as nonaqueous base fluids (NABFs) in drilling muds, which aid in the process of drilling wells for oil and gas extraction; it is through these uses and others that they enter terrestrial environments. The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether GTLs were less toxic to terrestrial soil biota than conventional NABFs used for land-based drilling, such as diesel and low-toxicity mineral oil (LTMO). A second objective was to understand the fate and impact of these fluids under more realistic soil and aging conditions of a common west Texas (USA) oil-producing region (i.e., sandy loam soil with low organic matter and a hot arid climate). Acute terrestrial toxicity studies were conducted on the soft-bodied terrestrial invertebrate earthworm (Eisenia fetida) along with 3 plant species-alfalfa (Medicago stavia), thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus), and fourwing saltbrush (Atriplex canescens). We also assessed changes in microbial community structure of the soils following additions of NABF. Overall, the GTL NABFs had lower toxicity compared with conventional NABFs like diesel and LTMO, as measured by invertebrate toxicity, plant seed germination, and impact on the microbial community. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:721-730. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

中文翻译:

合成气制液与原油衍生的钻井液在土壤中的地面毒性。

与大多数其他衍生自原油的常规石油产品不同,气液(GTL)是由天然气(甲烷)合成的石油产品。此过程导致GTL产品不含硫且芳烃含量低,因此与原油衍生产品相比,它们对人体健康和环境的影响应较小。GTL已注册用作钻井泥浆中的非水基液(NABF),有助于钻井过程中开采石油和天然气;通过这些用途和其他用途,他们进入了陆地环境。本研究的主要目的是确定GTL对陆地土壤生物的毒性是否比用于陆地钻探的常规NABF(例如柴油和低毒性矿物油(LTMO))低。第二个目标是了解这些流体在常见的德克萨斯州西部产油区(即有机质含量低且干旱热气候的沙壤土)更现实的土壤和老化条件下的命运和影响。对陆生无脊椎动物earth(Eisenia fetida)以及3种植物苜蓿(Medicago stavia),厚穗小麦草(Elymus lanceolatus)和Fourwing盐刷(Atriplex canescens)进行了急性陆地毒性研究。我们还评估了添加NABF后土壤微生物群落结构的变化。总体而言,通过无脊椎动物的毒性,植物种子的发芽以及对微生物群落的影响,GTL NABF与常规的NABF(如柴油和LTMO)相比,毒性较低。Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:721-730。©2020作者。Wiley Periodicals,Inc.代表SETAC出版的《环境毒理学和化学》。
更新日期:2020-02-27
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