Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, migration and death dependent on cell type, developmental stage, or tissue conditions. Various cell types secrete TGF-β, but always as an inactive complex. Hence, for TGF-β to function, this latent complex must somehow be activated. Work in recent years has highlighted a critical role for members of the αv integrin family, including αv β1 , αv β3 , αv β5 , αv β6 and αv β8 that are involved in TGF-β activation in various contexts, particularly at barrier sites such as the gut, lung and skin. The integrins facilitating this context- and location-specific regulation can be dysregulated in certain diseases, so are potential therapeutic targets in a number of disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of TGF-β at these barrier sites with a focus on how integrin-mediated TGF-β activation regulates tissue and immune homeostasis, and how this is altered in disease.

中文翻译：

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通过整合素介导的转化生长因子 β 激活调节屏障免疫和体内平衡。

转化生长因子 β (TGF-β) 是一种多功能细胞因子，可根据细胞类型、发育阶段或组织条件调节细胞生长、分化、粘附、迁移和死亡。各种细胞类型都分泌 TGF-β，但总是作为一种无活性的复合物。因此，为了使 TGF-β 发挥作用，这种潜在的复合物必须以某种方式被激活。近年来的工作强调了 αv 整合素家族成员的关键作用，包括 αv β1、αv β3、αv β5、αv β6 和 αv β8，它们在各种情况下参与 TGF-β 激活，特别是在屏障位点，例如肠、肺和皮肤。促进这种特定于环境和位置的调节的整合素在某些疾病中可能失调，许多疾病的潜在治疗靶点也是如此。在本次审查中，