Eukaryotic genomic DNA is wrapped around the histone octamer and forms the nucleosome, which is the basic unit of chromatin. Nevertheless, eukaryotic RNA polymerases transcribe the DNA that is tightly bound to the histone core in the nucleosome. For transcription to proceed on the nucleosome, the RNA polymerases must overcome the tight contacts between histones and DNA during transcription elongation. Here, we review the structural and biochemical studies of the transcription mechanism on the nucleosome, and focus on recent information to understand how RNA polymerases transcribe the genomic DNA in chromatin.

中文翻译：

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通过核小体转录。

真核基因组DNA包裹在组蛋白八聚体周围，形成核小体，核小体是染色质的基本单位。然而，真核RNA聚合酶转录紧密结合到核小体中组蛋白核心的DNA。为了使转录继续在核小体上进行，RNA聚合酶必须克服转录延长过程中组蛋白与DNA之间的紧密接触。在这里，我们审查核小体上的转录机制的结构和生化研究，并集中在最新的信息，以了解RNA聚合酶如何转录染色质中的基因组DNA。