Background Milk ejection characteristics remain consistent throughout 12 months of lactation in women who expressed breastmilk with an electric breast pump. In addition these characteristics appear to remain constant when women are breastfeeding or pumping suggesting that milk ejection is a robust physiological response. It is not known whether the stimulation of an infant at the breast in the early post partum period influences milk ejection patterns or whether this is a programmed event. However, as more data become available on the mechanisms involved in infant feeding, pumping patterns mimicking the infant more closely may provide enhanced results. The objective of this study was to compare milk ejection characteristics obtained when using a novel infant-derived pumping pattern with an established 2-phase pattern. Methods A convenience sample of ten lactating mothers, 1 to 40 weeks of lactation with normal milk production were recruited in 2015. Each participated in two pumping sessions in which either a 2-phase pattern or infant-derived pattern were randomly assigned. Milk volume and milk ejection characteristics were recorded and the percentage of available milk removed (PAMR) was calculated. Statistical analysis used linear mixed effects modeling to determine any differences between breasts and pump patterns with the consideration of individual variability as a random effect. Results The number of milk ejections and milk ejection characteristics did not differ between patterns. Milk volumes removed were 53.6 ± 28.5 ml (PAMR 58.2 ± 28.4) for the 2-phase pattern and and 54.2 ± 26.3 ml (PAMR 52.2 ± 22.3) for the infant derived pattern. Peak milk flow rates were positively associated with the available milk (p = 0.0003) and PAMR (p = 0.0001), as was the volume of milk removed during each milk ejection (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001). Conclusion An experimental pumping pattern designed to resemble infant sucking characteristics did not alter milk ejection characteristics or milk removal parameters compared with an established 2-phase pattern. Theses findings provide further evidence that milk ejection is a robust physiological response.

中文翻译：

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使用婴儿和两相真空模式进行抽乳期间母乳排出特征的比较。

背景技术在使用电动吸奶器表达母乳的女性，整个哺乳期12个月，其泌乳特征一直保持不变。此外，当妇女进行母乳喂养或抽乳时，这些特征似乎保持不变，这表明排出牛奶是一种强有力的生理反应。尚不清楚产后早期对婴儿的乳房刺激是否会影响乳汁排出模式，或者这是否是程序性事件。但是，随着有关婴儿喂养机制的更多数据可用，更加模仿婴儿的泵送方式可能会提供更好的结果。这项研究的目的是比较使用新颖的婴儿吸乳模式和已建立的两相吸乳模式时获得的乳汁排出特征。方法于2015年收集了10名哺乳期母亲的便利样本，这些哺乳期的哺乳期为1至40周，且产奶量正常。每位参与者都参加了两次抽气会议，随机分配了两阶段模式或婴儿模式。记录乳汁量和乳汁排出特征，并计算可去除乳汁的百分比（PAMR）。统计分析使用线性混合效应模型来确定乳房和泵浦模式之间的任何差异，并将个体差异视为随机效应。结果两种模式之间的乳汁排出次数和乳汁排出特征没有差异。对于两相模式，去除的牛奶量为53.6±28.5 ml（PAMR 58.2±28.4），对于婴儿衍生模式，去除的牛奶量为54.2±26.3 ml（PAMR 52.2±22.3）。峰值乳汁流速与可利用的乳汁（p = 0.0003）和PAMR（p = 0.0001）呈正相关，在每次排乳过程中去除的乳汁量也与之成正比（p = 0.001和p = 0.0001）。结论与已建立的两相模式相比，设计成类似于婴儿吮吸特征的实验性抽气模式没有改变排乳特性或脱乳参数。这些发现提供了进一步的证据，证明牛奶排出是一种强有力的生理反应。结论与已建立的两相模式相比，设计成类似于婴儿吮吸特征的实验性抽气模式没有改变排乳特性或脱乳参数。这些发现提供了进一步的证据，证明牛奶排出是一种强有力的生理反应。结论与已建立的两相模式相比，设计成类似于婴儿吮吸特征的实验性抽气模式没有改变排乳特性或脱乳参数。这些发现提供了进一步的证据，证明牛奶排出是一种强有力的生理反应。