Bacterial cells have a limited number of resources that can be allocated for gene expression. The intracellular competition for these resources has an impact on the cell physiology. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms to optimize resource allocation in a variety of scenarios, showing a trade-off between the resources used to maximise growth (e.g. ribosome synthesis) and the rest of cellular functions. Limitations in gene expression also play a role in generating phenotypic diversity, which is advantageous in fluctuating environments, at the expenses of decreasing growth rates. Our current understanding of these trade-offs can be exploited for biotechnological applications benefiting from the selective manipulation of the allocation of resources.

中文翻译：

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微生物种群中基因表达，生长和表型多样性之间的权衡。

细菌细胞可用于基因表达的资源数量有限。细胞内对这些资源的竞争对细胞生理有影响。细菌已经进化出各种机制，可以在各种情况下优化资源分配，显示出用于最大化生长（例如核糖体合成）的资源与其余细胞功能之间的权衡。基因表达的限制在产生表型多样性中也起作用，这在波动的环境中是有利的，但以降低生长速率为代价。我们目前对这些折衷的理解可以用于生物技术应用，这得益于资源分配的选择性操纵。