PURPOSE We conducted a meta-analysis evaluating the effects of different exercise interventions on self-reported and objective sleep measurements during or after breast cancer treatment. METHODS Three databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials with any type of exercise intervention in women with breast cancer. Outcomes were self-reported or objective sleep measurements. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 22 trials with 2107 participants. Of these, 17 studies used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), six studies included objective sleep assessments (ActiGraph). Physical exercise interventions included walking, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise or a combination of both. Mind-body exercise interventions included yoga, Tai Chi and Qigong. Most interventions were supervised. Both, physical (SMD - 0.32; 95% CI - 0.54 to - 0.10) and mind-body exercise interventions (SMD - 0.27; 95% CI - 0.44 to - 0.09), resulted in improvements of total sleep scores. Subgroup analyses revealed no clear differences between interventions conducted during versus after breast cancer treatment. Considering the PSQI subscales, exercise resulted in improvements of sleep quality (SMD - 0.28; 95% CI - 0.44 to - 0.11) and sleep disturbances (SMD - 0.26; 95% CI - 0.45 to - 0.06). Regarding the objective measurements, no significant effects were found. CONCLUSIONS Physical as well as mind-body exercise can improve subjective sleep problems in breast cancer patients. In contrast, there was no effect of exercise on objective sleep measures. Future studies should clarify which type of intervention might be most effective depending on individual patients' and treatments' characteristics.

中文翻译：

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身体和身心锻炼对乳腺癌治疗期间和之后的睡眠问题的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析。

目的我们进行了一项荟萃分析，评估了不同运动干预对乳腺癌治疗期间或之后自我报告的客观睡眠测量的影响。方法系统地检索了三个数据库，以对乳腺癌女性进行任何类型的运动干预的随机对照试验。结果是自我报告或客观的睡眠测量。使用随机效应模型计算标准均值差（SMD）。结果荟萃分析包括22项试验，涉及2107名参与者。其中，有17项研究使用了匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI），有6项研究包括了客观睡眠评估（ActiGraph）。体育锻炼的干预措施包括步行，有氧运动，抵抗运动或两者结合。身心锻炼干预措施包括瑜伽，太极拳和气功。大多数干预措施都是有监督的。身体（SMD-0.32; 95％CI-0.54至-0.10）和身心锻炼干预（SMD-0.27; 95％CI-0.44至-0.09）均改善了睡眠总评分。亚组分析显示，乳腺癌治疗期间和之后的干预措施之间没有明显差异。考虑到PSQI量表，运动可改善睡眠质量（SMD-0.28； 95％CI-0.44至-0.11）和睡眠障碍（SMD-0.26； 95％CI-0.45至-0.06）。关于客观测量，未发现明显影响。结论体育锻炼和身心锻炼可以改善乳腺癌患者的主观睡眠问题。相反，运动对客观睡眠指标没有影响。