Localization and translation of mRNAs within different subcellular domains provides an important mechanism to spatially and temporally introduce new proteins in polarized cells. Neurons make use of this localized protein synthesis during initial growth, regeneration and functional maintenance of their axons. Although the first evidence for protein synthesis in axons dates back to 1960s, improved methodologies, including the ability to isolate axons to purity, highly sensitive RNA detection methods and imaging approaches, have shed new light on the complexity of the transcriptome of the axon and how it is regulated. Moreover, these efforts are now uncovering new roles for locally synthesized proteins in neurological diseases and injury responses. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of how axonal mRNA transport and translation are regulated, and discuss their emerging links to neurological disorders and neural repair.

中文翻译：

---

轴突 mRNA 运输和翻译一目了然。

不同亚细胞域内 mRNA 的定位和翻译提供了在极化细胞中在空间和时间上引入新蛋白质的重要​​机制。神经元在轴突的初始生长、再生和功能维持过程中利用这种局部蛋白质合成。尽管轴突中蛋白质合成的第一个证据可以追溯到 20 世纪 60 年代，但改进的方法，包括分离轴突至纯度的能力、高度灵敏的 RNA 检测方法和成像方法，为了解轴突转录组的复杂性以及如何进行蛋白质合成提供了新的线索。它受到监管。此外，这些努力现在正在揭示局部合成蛋白质在神经系统疾病和损伤反应中的新作用。在这篇《细胞科学概览》文章和随附的海报中，我们概述了轴突 mRNA 运输和翻译的调节方式，并讨论了它们与神经系统疾病和神经修复的新联系。