SummaryncRNAs are involved in numerous biological processes by regulating gene expression and cell stability. Studies have shown that ncRNAs also contribute to spermatogenesis. Leydig cells (LCs) and Sertoli cells (SCs) are somatic cells of the testis that support spermatogenesis and are vital to male fertility. In this review, we summarized the findings from studies on ncRNAs in SCs and LCs. In SCs, ncRNAs play key roles in phagocytosis, immunoprotection and development of SCs. In LCs, ncRNAs are involved in steroidogenesis, in particular production of testosterone as well as development of LCs. Here, we discuss the possible target genes and functions of ncRNAs in both types of cells. These ncRNAs regulate the expression of target genes or mRNA coding sequence regions, resulting in a chain reaction that influences cell function. In addition, microRNAs, lncRNAs, piRNA-like RNAs (pilRNAs) and natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are discussed in this review. In summary, we suggest that these ncRNAs might act in coordination to control spermatogenesis and maintain the environmental homeostasis of the testis.

中文翻译：

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非编码RNA在睾丸体细胞中的作用及机制

摘要ncRNA通过调节基因表达和细胞稳定性参与了许多生物过程。研究表明，ncRNA 也有助于精子发生。睾丸间质细胞 (LC) 和支持细胞 (SC) 是睾丸的体细胞，支持精子发生，对男性生育能力至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 SCs 和 LCs 中 ncRNA 的研究结果。在 SCs 中，ncRNA 在 SCs 的吞噬、免疫保护和发育中起关键作用。在 LCs 中，ncRNAs 参与类固醇生成，特别是睾酮的产生以及 LCs 的发育。在这里，我们讨论了两种类型细胞中 ncRNA 的可能靶基因和功能。这些 ncRNA 调节靶基因或 mRNA 编码序列区域的表达，导致影响细胞功能的连锁反应。此外，本综述讨论了 microRNA、lncRNA、piRNA 样 RNA (pilRNA) 和天然反义转录本 (NAT)。总之，我们认为这些 ncRNA 可能协同作用以控制精子发生并维持睾丸的环境稳态。