Acute gastrointestinal bleeding accounts for 5,000 deaths per annum in the UK and is the second-most common indication for transfusion of blood components. Transfusion of blood components is integral to management of these patients. Recent years have seen an expansion in the evidence base for their use in this population and this review aims to provide up-to-date guidance on the use of red cells, plasma, platelets, sources of concentrated fibrinogen and adjuncts such as antifibrinolytic agents in patients with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Key considerations include whether or not it is appropriate to extrapolate from studies in trauma patients to the GI bleeding population, whether restrictive red cell transfusion is appropriate for all patients and whether the presence or absence of liver disease has implications for our transfusion practice. Clinical evidence now favours restrictive transfusion of red blood cells in the haemodynamically stable bleeding patient, but there remain significant evidence gaps concerning the use of plasma, platelets and adjunctive measures.

中文翻译：

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血液成分在胃肠道出血中的最佳使用。

在英国，急性胃肠道出血每年导致5,000例死亡，是输血成分的第二常见的适应症。输血是这些患者管理不可或缺的部分。近年来，在这些人群中使用它们的证据基础不断扩大，本综述旨在为红细胞，血浆，血小板，浓缩的纤维蛋白原来源以及诸如抗纤溶剂之类的添加剂的使用提供最新指导。急性胃肠道出血患者。关键考虑因素包括是否适合从创伤患者的研究中推断出胃肠道出血人群，限制性红细胞输注是否适合所有患者，是否存在肝脏疾病对我们的输血实践有影响。现在，临床证据支持血液动力学稳定的出血患者限制性输注红细胞，但在血浆，血小板和辅助措施的使用方面仍有大量证据空白。