PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to identify the most physically demanding work tasks for Swedish ground combat soldiers through the development and application of a questionnaire survey. This is the first in a series of studies aiming to describe the development process and validation of physical selection standards in the Swedish armed forces. METHODS Based on procedural documentation, combat manuals and job analyses, a questionnaire was developed that defined and rated the perceived physical strain of 30 work tasks for ground combat soldiers. To assess validity, an expert focus group was used and psychometric analysis performed. The questionnaire was then distributed to 231 ground combat soldiers, of whom 165 responded (71%). RESULTS The questionnaire was validated in three steps to achieve face and content validity, and internal consistency was acceptable (Chronbach's alpha ≥0.95). Of the 30 work tasks included in the survey, transport of wounded was rated as the most demanding task for both aerobic capacity and strength. Other highly demanding tasks for aerobic capacity included combat movement (low/high crawl), dismounted attack in close country, urban and rough terrain and carrying heavy loads. There were no gender differences for either aerobic or strength demands in the top five most challenging tasks based on proportions. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the most physically demanding tasks performed in the Swedish ground combat forces. Almost all the physically demanding tasks found in the present study contain elements of lifting and carrying, which require muscular strength and muscular endurance, with no gender differences.

中文翻译：

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编制问卷并将其用于对地面作战士兵的自测身体工作需求。

目的本研究的目的是通过开发和应用问卷调查来确定瑞典地面作战士兵最苛刻的工作任务。这是旨在描述瑞典武装部队实物选择标准的发展过程和验证的一系列研究中的第一项。方法基于程序文档，战斗手册和工作分析，编制了一份问卷，该问卷定义和评估了地面战斗士兵30项工作任务的感知身体疲劳程度。为了评估有效性，使用了专家焦点小组并进行了心理分析。问卷随后分发给了231名地面作战士兵，其中165人做出了回应（71％）。结果问卷经过三个步骤验证，以确保面部和内容的有效性，内部一致性是可以接受的（Chronbach's alpha≥0.95）。在调查中包括的30个工作任务中，有氧运动能力和强度方面，伤者的运输被评为最苛刻的任务。其他对有氧运动能力的高要求工作包括战斗运动（低/高爬行），在偏远国家，城市和崎terrain地形上的下坡进攻以及重物。根据比例，在最有挑战性的前五项任务中，有氧运动或体力需求没有性别差异。结论本研究确定了瑞典地面战斗部队执行的最苛刻的任务。在本研究中发现的几乎所有对身体有要求的任务都包含举重和携带的元素，这些元素需要肌肉力量和肌肉耐力，并且没有性别差异。