Viruses are intracellular parasites that completely rely on the molecular machinery of the infected host to complete their cycle. Upon invasion of a susceptible cell, viruses dramatically reshape the intracellular environment to suit their needs, in a complex process that requires the fine manipulation of multiple aspects of the host cell biology, including those enabling replication of the viral genome, facilitating suppression or avoidance of anti-viral plant defence mechanisms, and supporting precise intra-cellular and inter-cellular trafficking of viral components. This tailoring of the cell to fit viral functions occurs through the coordinated action of fast-evolving, multifunctional viral proteins, which efficiently target host factors. In this review, we intend to offer a glimpse of how plant viruses manipulate their hosts from a cell biology perspective, focusing on recent advances covering three specific aspects of the viral infection: viral manipulation of organelle function; virus-induced formation of viral replication complexes through membrane remodelling; and viral evasion of autophagy.

中文翻译：

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调整细胞：了解植物病毒如何操纵宿主。

病毒是细胞内的寄生虫，完全依赖于感染宿主的分子机制来完成其周期。感染易感细胞后，病毒会在一个复杂的过程中极大地重塑细胞内环境，以适应其需要，这需要对宿主细胞生物学的多个方面进行精细操作，包括能够复制病毒基因组，促进抑制或避免感染的过程。抗病毒植物防御机制，并支持精确的细胞内和细胞间病毒成分运输。通过适应快速发展的多功能病毒蛋白的协同作用，可以使细胞适应病毒功能，从而有效地靶向宿主因子。在这篇评论中 我们打算从细胞生物学的角度瞥见植物病毒如何操纵其宿主，重点关注涵盖病毒感染三个特定方面的最新进展：操纵细胞器功能的病毒；病毒通过膜重塑诱导病毒复制复合物形成；和病毒的自噬逃避。