The protein molecules must fold into unique conformations to acquire functional activity. Misfolding, aggregation, and deposition of proteins in diverse organs, the so-called “protein misfolding disorders (PMDs)”, represent the conformational diseases with highly ordered assemblies, including oligomers and fibrils that are linked to neurodegeneration in brain illnesses such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies have revealed several aspects of brain pathology in CAA and AD, but both the classification and underlying mechanisms need to be further refined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence with the advent of RNA sequencing technology suggests possible links between miRNAs and these neurodegenerative disorders. To provide insights on the small RNA-mediated regulatory circuitry and the translational significance of miRNAs in PMDs, this review will discuss the characteristics and mechanisms of the diseases and summarize circulating or tissue-resident miRNAs associated with AD and CAA.

中文翻译：

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脑淀粉样血管病，阿尔茨海默氏病和MicroRNA：miRNA作为诊断生物标志物和潜在治疗靶标。

蛋白质分子必须折叠成独特的构象才能获得功能活性。蛋白质在不同器官中的错误折叠，聚集和沉积，即所谓的“蛋白质错误折叠障碍（PMD）”，代表具有高度有序装配的构象疾病，包括与脑疾病（如脑淀粉样蛋白）的神经变性相关的寡聚体和原纤维。血管病（CAA）和阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）。最近的研究已经揭示了CAA和AD中脑病理的几个方面，但是分类和潜在机制都需要进一步完善。微小RNA（miRNA）是转录后水平上基因表达的关键调节剂。随着RNA测序技术的出现，越来越多的证据表明miRNA与这些神经退行性疾病之间可能存在联系。