Ischemic stroke is an acute brain injury with high mortality and disability rates worldwide. The pathophysiological effects of ischemic stroke are driven by a multitude of complex molecular and cellular interactions that ultimately result in brain damage and neurological dysfunction. The Human Genome Project revealed that the vast majority of the human genome (and mammalian genome in general) is transcribed into noncoding RNAs. These RNAs have several important roles in the molecular biology of the cell. Of these, the long noncoding RNAs are gaining particular importance in stroke biology. High-throughput analysis of gene expression using methodologies such as RNA-seq and microarrays have identified a number of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in the post-stroke brain and blood in experimental models as well as in clinical samples. These expression changes exhibited distinct temporal and cell-type-dependent patterns. Many of these lncRNAs were shown to modulate molecular pathways that resulted in deleterious as well as neuroprotective outcomes in the post-stroke brain. In this review, we consolidate the latest data from the literature that elucidate the roles and functions of lncRNAs in ischemic stroke. We also summarize clinical studies identifying differential lncRNA expression changes between stroke patients and healthy individuals, and genetic variations in lncRNA loci that are correlated with an increased risk of stroke development.

中文翻译：

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缺血性中风的病理生理学中的长非编码RNA。

缺血性中风是一种急性脑损伤，在全球范围内具有很高的死亡率和致残率。缺血性中风的病理生理作用是由多种复杂的分子和细胞相互作用驱动的，最终导致脑损伤和神经功能障碍。人类基因组计划显示，人类基因组的绝大部分（和一般的哺乳动物基因组）都被转录成非编码RNA。这些RNA在细胞的分子生物学中具有重要作用。其中，长的非编码RNA在中风生物学中正变得尤为重要。使用RNA-seq和微阵列等方法对基因表达进行高通量分析，已在实验模型和临床样品中发现了中风后大脑和血液中大量异常表达的lncRNA。这些表达变化表现出不同的时间和细胞类型依赖性模式。这些lncRNA中的许多都显示出调节分子通路的作用，这些通路导致中风后大脑的有害以及神经保护作用。在这篇综述中，我们整合了阐明lncRNA在缺血性中风中的作用和功能的文献资料。我们还总结了临床研究，这些研究鉴定了卒中患者和健康个体之间lncRNA表达差异的变化，以及lncRNA基因位点的遗传变异与卒中发生风险增加相关。我们整合了来自文献的最新数据，阐明了lncRNA在缺血性中风中的作用和功能。我们还总结了临床研究，这些研究鉴定了卒中患者和健康个体之间lncRNA表达差异的变化，以及lncRNA基因位点的遗传变异与卒中发生风险增加相关。我们整合了来自文献的最新数据，阐明了lncRNA在缺血性中风中的作用和功能。我们还总结了临床研究，这些研究鉴定了卒中患者和健康个体之间lncRNA表达差异的变化，以及lncRNA基因位点的遗传变异与卒中发生风险增加相关。