The changes of chromosomal inversion polymorphism composition of Drosophila subobscura in samples from Apatin (Serbia) were studied in a 24-years interval (1994–2018). The variation was significant for all autosomes and directional, increasing the inversions considered as ‘warm’, whereas those reported as ‘cold’ decreased. Furthermore, the Chromosomal Thermal Index (CTI), which allows studying the thermal adaptation of the whole karyotype increased significantly in that period of time. These results were in agreement with the indicators of global warming in Apatin: a trend to increase of the mean, maximum and minimum (this latter even significant) temperatures, and an erratic pattern of rainfall (also usual in global warming). The deviations from the Wright–Fisher model of genetic drift were used to consider the possible effect of migration or selection as evolutionary factors responsible for the change in inversion frequencies. To quantify approximately the rate of change in the frequencies, for each kind of inversions (‘cold’, ‘warm’ and ‘non-thermal adapted’), the difference in frequency between the Apatin samples obtained in 1994 and 2018 was computed and then it was divided by the number of years elapsed. This rate was always higher (from twice as many as thirty times more depending on the autosome) for thermal adapted inversions (‘cold’ or ‘warm’) than the ‘non-thermal’ adapted. From this study, it could be concluded that the chromosomal inversions of D. subobscura could change (in composition and frequencies) in a predictable direction and a rather ‘rapid’ rhythm to adapt to the global warming scenario.

中文翻译：

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Drosophila subobscura 热适应倒置的变化率

每隔24年（1994-2018）研究了来自Apatin（塞尔维亚）样品中Drosophila subobscura的染色体倒位多态性组成的变化。这种变异对于所有常染色体和定向基因来说都是显着的，增加了被认为是“暖”的反转，而那些被报告为“冷”的反转减少了。此外，允许研究整个核型的热适应的染色体热指数 (CTI) 在这段时间内显着增加。这些结果与阿帕廷的全球变暖指标一致：平均、最高和最低（后者甚至显着）温度升高的趋势，以及不稳定的降雨模式（在全球变暖中也很常见）。与 Wright-Fisher 遗传漂变模型的偏差被用来考虑迁移或选择的可能影响作为负责反转频率变化的进化因素。为了大致量化频率的变化率，对于每种反演（“冷”、“暖”和“非热适应”），计算了 1994 年和 2018 年获得的阿帕廷样本之间的频率差异，然后它除以过去的年数。对于热适应反转（“冷”或“暖”）而言，该比率总是高于“非热”适应反转（根据常染色体，从两倍多到三十倍）。从这项研究中，可以得出结论，D.的染色体倒位。