Adolescence is a highly dynamic period of development, which includes the final organizational phases of neural maturation within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The organizational events of neural pruning and myelination occur in a sex-specific manner, potentially giving rise to the disparities in mood disorders in adulthood. Because of the extended developmental time period of the PFC, environmental insults, including psychosocial stressors, may play a major role in steering the maturation of this region. In this review, the literature surrounding the sex specific alterations that occur in the PFC in rodent models following adolescent stress will be discussed. This will be complimented by a brief review on the state of human research in PFC sex differences in the development of white matter and cytoarchitecture across the lifespan. Taken together, the impact of developmental psychosocial stress on the circuitry of the PFC and resulting adult phenotypes will be summarized with a focus on the importance of considering sex differences in order to build a better understanding of developmental influences on adult disorders.

中文翻译：

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前额叶皮层的青少年成熟：压力和性在塑造成人妥协风险中的作用。

青春期是一个高度动态的发展时期，包括前额叶皮层 (PFC) 内神经成熟的最后组织阶段。神经修剪和髓鞘形成的组织事件以特定性别的方式发生，可能导致成年期情绪障碍的差异。由于 PFC 的发育时间延长，环境侮辱，包括社会心理压力源，可能在引导该区域的成熟中发挥重要作用。在这篇综述中，将讨论青少年压力后啮齿动物模型中 PFC 中发生的性别特异性改变的文献。这将通过简要回顾人类研究在整个生命周期中白质和细胞结构发展中的 PFC 性别差异的状态得到补充。综合起来，