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Distinct Patterns of Hippocampal and Neocortical Evolution in Primates.
Brain, Behavior and Evolution ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-09 , DOI: 10.1159/000500625
David R Vanier 1 , Chet C Sherwood 2 , Jeroen B Smaers 3
Affiliation  

Because of the central role of the hippocampus in representing spatial and temporal details of experience, comparative studies of its volume and structure are relevant to understanding the evolution of representational memory across species. The hippocampal formation, however, is organized into separate anatomical subregions with distinct functions, and little is known about the evolutionary diversification of these subregions. We investigate relative volumetric changes in hippocampal subregions across a large sample of primate species. We then compare the evolution of the hippocampal formation to the neocortex. Results across hippocampal subregions indicate that, compared to strepsirrhines, the anthropoid lineage displays a decrease in relative CA3, fascia dentata, subiculum, and rhinal cortex volume in tandem with an increase in relative neocortical volume. These findings indicate that hippocampal function in anthropoids might be substantially augmented by the executive decision-making functions of the neocortex. Humans are found to have a unique cerebral organization combining increased relative CA3, subiculum, and rhinal cortex with increased relative neocortical volumes, suggesting that these regions may play a role in behaviors that are uniquely specialized in humans.

中文翻译:

灵长类动物海马和新皮质进化的不同模式。

由于海马在代表经验的时空细节方面起着核心作用,因此对其数量和结构的比较研究与理解跨物种的代表记忆的进化有关。然而,海马结构被组织成具有不同功能的单独的解剖亚区域,而对这些亚区域的进化多样化知之甚少。我们调查了大量的灵长类物种在海马亚区域的相对体积变化。然后,我们比较了新皮层海马结构的演变。海马次区域的结果表明,与链脲类药物相比,类人猿谱系显示相对CA3,齿龈筋膜,下丘脑,鼻皮质的体积与新皮质相对体积的增加有关。这些发现表明,新皮质的执行决策功能可能会大大增强类人猿的海马功能。人们发现人类具有独特的大脑组织,将相对的CA3,下丘脑和鼻皮质增加,同时相对的新皮层体积也增加,这表明这些区域可能在人类特有的行为中起作用。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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