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Characterization of chromatin at structurally abnormal inactive X chromosomes reveals potential evidence of a rare hybrid active and inactive isodicentric X chromosome.
Chromosome Research ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s10577-019-09621-1
Brian P Chadwick 1
Affiliation  

X chromosome structural abnormalities are relatively common in Turner syndrome patients, in particular X isochromosomes. Reports over the last five decades examining asynchronous DNA replication between the normal X and isochromosome have clearly established that the structurally abnormal chromosome is the inactive X chromosome (Xi). Here the organization of chromatin at a deleted X chromosome, an Xq isochromosome, and two isodicentric chromosomes were examined. Consistent with previous differential staining methods, at interphase, the X isochromosome and isodicentric X chromosomes frequently formed bipartite Barr bodies, observed by fluorescence microscopy using numerous independent bona fide markers of Xi heterochromatin. At metaphase, with the exception of the pseudoautosomal region and the duplicated locus of the macrosatellite DXZ4 (if present on the abnormal X chromosome based on break points), euchromatin markers were absent from the Xi, whereas histone variant macroH2A formed reproducible banded mirror-image chromosomes. Unexpectedly, the isodicentric chromosome in 46,X,idic(X)(q28) cells, which carry a near full-length q-arm-to-q-arm fused chromosome, showed at interphase very rare instances of Xi chromatin bodies that were separated by large distances in the nucleus. Further examination using immunofluorescence and FISH support the possibility that these rare cells may represent ones in which one half of the isodicentric chromosome is active and the other half is inactive.

中文翻译:

染色质在结构异常的非活性X染色体上的表征揭示了稀有的有活性和无活性的等中心X染色体的潜在证据。

X染色体结构异常在特纳综合征患者中相对普遍,尤其是X同染色体。在过去的五十年中,有关检查正常X和同染色体之间异步DNA复制的报告清楚地表明,结构异常的染色体是非活动X染色体(Xi)。在这里,检查了染色质在缺失的X染色体,Xq同染色体和两个等中心染色体上的组织。与以前的差异染色方法一致,在相间,X异染色体和等中心X染色体经常形成两部分Barr体,通过荧光显微镜观察,使用了多个独立的Xi异染色质的真实标记。在中期,除了假常染色体区域和大卫星DXZ4的重复基因座(如果基于断裂点出现在异常X染色体上)之外,Xi不存在常染色质标记,而组蛋白变体macroH2A形成了可复制的带状镜像染色体。出乎意料的是,在46,X,idic(X)(q28)个细胞中携带等长的q-臂到q-臂融合染色体的等中心染色体在相间显示出非常罕见的Xi染色质体在原子核中相隔很远的距离。使用免疫荧光和FISH的进一步检查支持以下可能性:这些稀有细胞可能代表其中等轴心染色体的一半处于活动状态而另一半处于非活动状态的细胞。而组蛋白变体macroH2A形成了可复制的带状镜像染色体。出乎意料的是,在46,X,idic(X)(q28)个细胞中携带等长的q-臂到q-臂融合染色体的等中心染色体在相间显示出非常罕见的Xi染色质体在原子核中相隔很远的距离。使用免疫荧光和FISH的进一步检查支持以下可能性:这些稀有细胞可能代表其中等轴心染色体的一半处于活动状态而另一半处于非活动状态的细胞。而组蛋白变体macroH2A形成了可复制的带状镜像染色体。出乎意料的是,在46,X,idic(X)(q28)个细胞中携带等长的q-臂到q-臂融合染色体的等中心染色体在相间显示出非常罕见的Xi染色质体在原子核中相隔很远的距离。使用免疫荧光和FISH的进一步检查支持以下可能性:这些稀有细胞可能代表其中等轴心染色体的一半处于活动状态而另一半处于非活动状态的细胞。在相间显示出非常稀少的Xi染色质体实例,它们在核中相距很远。使用免疫荧光和FISH的进一步检查支持以下可能性:这些稀有细胞可能代表其中等轴心染色体的一半处于活动状态而另一半处于非活动状态的细胞。在相间显示出非常稀少的Xi染色质体实例,它们在细胞核中相距很远。使用免疫荧光和FISH的进一步检查支持以下可能性:这些稀有细胞可能代表其中等轴心染色体的一半处于活动状态而另一半处于非活动状态的细胞。
更新日期:2020-04-20
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