Background

Histone modifications play important roles in growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Lysine butyrylation (Kbu) with a four-carbon chain is a newly-discovered histone acylation modification in rice.

Main Body

In this study, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses, the result showed that major enrichment of histone Kbu located in genebody regions of rice genome, especially in exons. The enrichment level of Kbu histone modification is positively correlated with gene expression. Furthermore, we compared Kbu with DNase-seq and other histone modifications in rice. We found that 60.06% Kub enriched region co-located with DHSs in intergenic regions. The similar profiles were detected among Kbu and several acetylation modifications such as H3K4ac, H3K9ac, and H3K23ac, indicating that Kbu modification is an active signal of transcription. Genes with both histone Kbu and one other acetylation also had significantly increased expression compared with genes with only one acetylation. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that these genes with histone Kbu can regulate multiple metabolic process in different rice varieties.

Conclusion

Our study showed that the lysine butyrylation modificaiton may promote gene expression as histone acetylation and will provide resources for futher studies on histone Kbu and other epigenetic modifications in plants.

中文翻译：

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组蛋白赖氨酸丁酰化的全基因组分析揭示了其在水稻基因转录正调控中的作用。

背景

组蛋白修饰在水稻 ( Oryza sativa L.)的生长发育中发挥重要作用。具有四碳链的赖氨酸丁酰化 (Kbu) 是水稻中新发现的组蛋白酰化修饰。

主体

在这项研究中，我们进行了染色质免疫沉淀测序（ChIP-seq）分析，结果表明组蛋白 Kbu 的主要富集位于水稻基因组的基因体区域，尤其是外显子。Kbu组蛋白修饰的富集水平与基因表达呈正相关。此外，我们将 Kbu 与水稻中的 DNase-seq 和其他组蛋白修饰进行了比较。我们发现 60.06% 的 Kub 富集区域与 DHS 位于基因间区域。在 Kbu 和 H3K4ac、H3K9ac 和 H3K23ac 等几种乙酰化修饰中检测到类似的谱，表明 Kbu 修饰是转录的活跃信号。与仅具有一种乙酰化的基因相比，具有组蛋白 Kbu 和另一种乙酰化的基因也具有显着增加的表达。

结论

我们的研究表明，赖氨酸丁酰化修饰可以促进组蛋白乙酰化的基因表达，并将为进一步研究组蛋白Kbu和植物中的其他表观遗传修饰提供资源。