Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are genetically close aquaculture fish in the Cyprinidae, which have been confirmed to hold XX/XY sex determination. However, genomic locations of potential sex-related loci in these two fishes are still unknown. In this study, a high-resolution genetic linkage map was constructed by using 2976 SNP and 924 microsatellite markers in a F1 full-sib family of bighead carp, the length of which spanned 2022.34 cM with an average inter-marker distance of 0.52 cM. Comparative genomics revealed a high level of genomic synteny between bighead carp and zebrafish as well as grass carp. QTL fine mapping for sex trait was performed based on this linkage map of bighead carp and an unpublished linkage map of silver carp. A map distance of 3.863 cM (69.787–73.650 cM) on LG19 of bighead carp and 4.705 cM (79.096–83.801 cM) on LG21 of silver carp was significantly associated with sex phenotypes, and these two LGs are homologous between two fish species. Fourteen markers harboring in these regions were in strong linkage disequilibrium with the sex phenotype variance explained (PVE) varying from 89 to 100%. Two common markers were mapped on the QTL regions of bighead carp and silver carp, suggesting that these two carp species may have similar genetic bases for sex determination. Eleven potentially sex-related genes were identified within or near the sex QTL markers in two species. This study provided insights into elucidating mechanisms and evolution of sex determination in cyprinid fishes.

中文翻译：

---

TL鱼（Hypophthalmichthys nobilis）性别决定区域的QTL精细定位及与银鲤（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）的比较。

head鱼（Hypophthalmichthys nobilis）和鱼（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）是Cyprinidae的近缘水产养殖鱼，已确认具有XX / XY性别决定权。但是，在这两条鱼中潜在的性别相关基因座的基因组位置仍然未知。在这项研究中，高分辨率的遗传连锁图谱是通过使用2976个SNP和924个微卫星标记在big鱼F1全同胞家族中构建的，其长度跨度为2022.34 cM，平均标记间距离为0.52 cM。比较基因组学揭示了big鱼和斑马鱼以及草鱼之间的基因组同调水平很高。根据此big鱼连锁图和未发表的of鱼连锁图，对性别进行QTL精细定位。big鱼LG19上的图谱距离为3.863 cM（69.787–73.650 cM）和4.705 cM（79.096–83）。21鱼LG21上的801 cM）与性别表型显着相关，并且这两个LG在两种鱼类之间是同源的。在这些区域中藏有14个标记处于强连锁不平衡状态，其解释的性别表型差异（PVE）从89％到100％不等。在big鱼和silver鱼的QTL区域绘制了两个共同的标记，表明这两个鲤鱼物种可能具有相似的性别基础。在两个物种的性别QTL标记内或附近鉴定出11个潜在的性别相关基因。该研究为阐明塞浦路斯鱼类的性别决定机制和进化提供了见识。在这些区域中藏有14个标记处于强连锁不平衡状态，其解释的性别表型差异（PVE）从89％到100％不等。在big鱼和silver鱼的QTL区域绘制了两个共同标记，表明这两个鲤鱼物种可能具有相似的性别基础。在两个物种的性别QTL标记内或附近鉴定出11个潜在的性别相关基因。这项研究为阐明塞浦路斯鱼类的性别决定机制和进化提供了见识。在这些区域中藏有14个标记处于强连锁不平衡状态，其解释的性别表型差异（PVE）从89％到100％不等。在big鱼和silver鱼的QTL区域绘制了两个共同标记，表明这两个鲤鱼物种可能具有相似的性别基础。在两个物种的性别QTL标记内或附近鉴定出11个潜在的性别相关基因。这项研究为阐明塞浦路斯鱼类的性别决定机制和进化提供了见识。在两个物种的性别QTL标记内或附近鉴定出11个潜在的性别相关基因。这项研究为阐明塞浦路斯鱼类的性别决定机制和进化提供了见识。在两个物种的性别QTL标记内或附近鉴定出11个潜在的性别相关基因。这项研究为阐明塞浦路斯鱼类的性别决定机制和进化提供了见识。