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The meaning of “coherent” and its quantification in coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy
Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-03 , DOI: 10.1142/s1793545818500360
Angelo Sassaroli 1 , Kristen Tgavalekos 1 , Sergio Fantini 1
Affiliation  

We have recently introduced a new technique, coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy (CHS), which aims at characterizing a specific kind of tissue hemodynamics that feature a high level of covariation with a given physiological quantity. In this study, we carry out a detailed analysis of the significance of coherence and phase synchronization between oscillations of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and total hemoglobin concentration ([Hbt]), measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a typical protocol for CHS, based on a cyclic thigh cuff occlusion and release. Even though CHS is based on a linear time invariant model between ABP (input) and NIRS measurands (outputs), for practical reasons in a typical CHS protocol, we induce finite “groups” of ABP oscillations, in which each group is characterized by a different frequency. For this reason, ABP (input) and NIRS measurands (output) are not stationary processes, and we have used wavelet coherence and phase synchronization index (PSI), as a metric of coherence and phase synchronization, respectively. PSI was calculated by using both the wavelet cross spectrum and the Hilbert transform. We have also used linear coherence (which requires stationary process) for comparison with wavelet coherence. The method of surrogate data is used to find critical values for the significance of covariation between ABP and [Hbt]. Because we have found similar critical values for wavelet coherence and PSI by using five of the most used methods of surrogate data, we propose to use the data-independent Gaussian random numbers (GRNs), for CHS. By using wavelet coherence and wavelet cross spectrum, and GRNs as surrogate data, we have found the same results for the significance of coherence and phase synchronization between ABP and [Hbt]: on a total set of 20 periods of cuff oscillations, we have found 17 coherent oscillations and 17 phase synchronous oscillations. Phase synchronization assessed with Hilbert transform yielded similar results with 14 phase synchronous oscillations. Linear coherence and wavelet coherence overall yielded similar number of significant values. We discuss possible reasons for this result. Despite the similarity of linear and wavelet coherence, we argue that wavelet coherence is preferable, especially if one wants to use baseline spontaneous oscillations, in which phase locking and coherence between signals might be only temporary.

中文翻译:

“相干”的含义及其在相干血流动力学光谱中的量化

我们最近引入了一种新技术,相干血流动力学光谱 (CHS),其旨在表征一种特定类型的组织血流动力学,其特征在于与给定生理量的高水平协变。在这项研究中,我们详细分析了动脉血压 (ABP) 振荡和总血红蛋白浓度 ([Hbt]) 之间的相干性和相位同步的重要性,在典型协议中使用近红外光谱 (NIRS) 测量对于 CHS,基于循环的大腿袖带闭塞和释放。尽管 CHS 基于 ABP(输入)和 NIRS 被测量(输出)之间的线性时不变模型,但出于实际原因,在典型的 CHS 协议中,我们引入了有限的 ABP 振荡“组”,其中每个组的特征是不同的频率。为此原因,ABP(输入)和 NIRS 被测量(输出)不是平稳过程,我们分别使用小波相干性和相位同步指数 (PSI) 作为相干性和相位同步的度量。PSI 是通过使用小波交叉谱和希尔伯特变换来计算的。我们还使用线性相干性(需要平稳过程)与小波相干性进行比较。替代数据的方法用于寻找 ABP 和 [Hbt] 之间协变显着性的临界值。因为我们通过使用五种最常用的替代数据方法找到了小波相干性和 PSI 的相似临界值,所以我们建议对 CHS 使用与数据无关的高斯随机数 (GRN)。通过使用小波相干性和小波交叉谱,以及 GRN 作为替代数据,对于 ABP 和 [Hbt] 之间的相干性和相位同步的重要性,我们发现了相同的结果:在总共 20 个袖带振荡周期中,我们发现了 17 个相干振荡和 17 个相位同步振荡。用希尔伯特变换评估的相位同步产生了与 14 个相位同步振荡相似的结果。线性相干性和小波相干性总体上产生了相似数量的重要值。我们讨论了这个结果的可能原因。尽管线性相干性和小波相干性相似,但我们认为小波相干性更可取,特别是如果想要使用基线自发振荡,其中信号之间的锁相和相干性可能只是暂时的。在总共 20 个袖带振荡周期中,我们发现了 17 个相干振荡和 17 个相位同步振荡。用希尔伯特变换评估的相位同步产生了与 14 个相位同步振荡相似的结果。线性相干性和小波相干性总体上产生了相似数量的重要值。我们讨论了这个结果的可能原因。尽管线性相干性和小波相干性相似,但我们认为小波相干性更可取,特别是如果想要使用基线自发振荡,其中信号之间的锁相和相干性可能只是暂时的。在总共 20 个袖带振荡周期中,我们发现了 17 个相干振荡和 17 个相位同步振荡。用希尔伯特变换评估的相位同步产生了与 14 个相位同步振荡相似的结果。线性相干性和小波相干性总体上产生了相似数量的重要值。我们讨论了这个结果的可能原因。尽管线性相干性和小波相干性相似,但我们认为小波相干性更可取,特别是如果想要使用基线自发振荡,其中信号之间的锁相和相干性可能只是暂时的。线性相干性和小波相干性总体上产生了相似数量的重要值。我们讨论了这个结果的可能原因。尽管线性相干性和小波相干性相似,但我们认为小波相干性更可取,特别是如果想要使用基线自发振荡,其中信号之间的锁相和相干性可能只是暂时的。线性相干性和小波相干性总体上产生了相似数量的重要值。我们讨论了这个结果的可能原因。尽管线性相干性和小波相干性相似,但我们认为小波相干性更可取,特别是如果想要使用基线自发振荡,其中信号之间的锁相和相干性可能只是暂时的。
更新日期:2018-09-03
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