Galeruca daurica (Joannis) has become a new insect pest in the Inner Mongolia grasslands since 2009, and its larvae and eggs have strong cold tolerance. To get a deeper insight into its molecular mechanisms of cold stress responses, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly for G. daurica by RNA-Seq and compared the transcriptomes of its larvae exposed to five different temperature treatments (-10, -5, 0, 5, and 25°C for 1 h and then recovered at 25°C for 1 h), respectively. Compared with the control (25°C), the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) decreased from 1,821 to 882, with the temperature declining from 5 to -10°C. Moreover, we obtained 323 coregulated DEGs under different low temperatures. Under four low temperatures (-10, -5, 0, and 5°C), a large number of genes were commonly upregulated during recovery from cold stresses, including those related to cuticle protein, followed by cytochrome P450, clock protein, fatty acid synthase, and fatty acyl-CoA reductase; meanwhile, lots of genes encoding cuticle protein, RNA replication protein, RNA-directed DNA polymerase, and glucose dehydrogenase were commonly downregulated. Our findings provide important clues for further investigations of key genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation of G. daurica to harsh environments.

中文翻译：

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藜科植物转录组对冷胁迫的响应的比较分析（鞘翅目：金眼科）。

自2009年以来，加勒卢卡（Joannis）已成为内蒙古草原上的一种新型害虫，其幼虫和卵具有很强的耐寒性。为了更深入地了解其冷应激反应的分子机制，我们使用RNA-Seq从头进行了G. daurica的从头转录组组装，并比较了暴露于五种不同温度处理下的幼虫的转录组（-10，-5、0， 5，在25°C下保持1小时，然后在25°C下恢复1小时）。与对照组（25°C）相比，差异表达基因（DEG）的数量从1,821减少到882，温度从5下降到-10°C。此外，我们在不同的低温下获得了323个带磁化的DEG。在四个低温（-10，-5、0和5°C）下，从冷胁迫恢复期间，许多基因通常被上调，包括与表皮蛋白有关的蛋白，其次是细胞色素P450，时钟蛋白，脂肪酸合酶和脂肪酰基辅酶A还原酶；同时，许多编码表皮蛋白，RNA复制蛋白，RNA指导的DNA聚合酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶的基因通常被下调。我们的发现为进一步研究与根腐病菌适应恶劣环境有关的关键基因和分子机制提供了重要线索。