Genetic diversity is a key factor for population survival and evolution. However, anthropogenic habitat disturbance is able to erode it, making populations more prone to extinction. Aiming to assess the global effects of habitat disturbance on plant genetic variation, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 92 case studies obtained from published literature. We compared the effects of habitat fragmentation and degradation on plant allelic richness and gene diversity (equivalent to expected heterozygosity). We also tested whether such changes are sensitive to different lifeforms, lifespans, mating systems and commonness. Overall, we found a negative effect of anthropogenic disturbance on allelic richness, but not on gene diversity. Habitat fragmentation had a negative effect on genetic variation, whereas habitat degradation had no effect. When we examined the individual effects in fragmented habitats, allelic richness and gene diversity decreased, but this decrease was strongly dependent on certain plant traits. Specifically, common long-lived (trees) and self-incompatible species were more susceptible to allelic richness loss. Conversely, gene diversity decreased in common short-lived species (herbs), with self-compatible reproduction. In a wider geographical context, tropical plant communities were more sensitive to allelic richness loss, whereas temperate plant communities were more sensitive to gene diversity loss. Our synthesis shows complex responses to habitat disturbance among plant species. In many cases, the absence of effects could be the result of the time elapsed since the disturbance event or reproductive systems favoring self-pollination, but attention must be paid to those plant species that are more susceptible to losing genetic diversity, and appropriate conservation should be actions taken. Article Impact statement: Effects of disturbance on plant genetic diversity are influenced by disturbance type, plant biological traits, and geographical context. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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生境破碎化和退化对植物遗传多样性差异影响的元分析

遗传多样性是种群生存和进化的关键因素。然而，人为的栖息地干扰能够侵蚀它，使种群更容易灭绝。为了评估栖息地干扰对植物遗传变异的全球影响，我们基于从已发表文献中获得的 92 个案例研究进行了荟萃分析。我们比较了栖息地破碎化和退化对植物等位基因丰富度和基因多样性（相当于预期的杂合性）的影响。我们还测试了这些变化是否对不同的生命形式、寿命、交配系统和共性敏感。总的来说，我们发现人为干扰对等位基因丰富度有负面影响，但对基因多样性没有负面影响。栖息地破碎化对遗传变异有负面影响，而栖息地退化没有影响。当我们检查支离破碎的栖息地中的个体影响时，等位基因丰富度和基因多样性下降，但这种下降强烈依赖于某些植物性状。具体而言，常见的长寿（树木）和自交不相容的物种更容易受到等位基因丰富度损失的影响。相反，具有自相容繁殖的常见短命物种（草药）的基因多样性下降。在更广泛的地理背景下，热带植物群落对等位基因丰富度损失更敏感，而温带植物群落对基因多样性损失更敏感。我们的综合显示了植物物种对栖息地干扰的复杂反应。在许多情况下，没有影响可能是由于干扰事件或生殖系统有利于自花授粉以来的时间流逝，但必须注意那些更容易失去遗传多样性的植物物种，并应采取适当的保护措施。文章 影响声明：干扰对植物遗传多样性的影响受干扰类型、植物生物性状和地理环境的影响。本文受版权保护。版权所有。