PURPOSE Fiber rich foods and dairy products have been suggested to be associated with breast cancer prognosis, though existing research is limited and either report on pre- or post-diagnostic dietary intake in relation to breast cancer prognosis. We investigated the associations between intake of whole grain (WG) and dairy products assessed both pre- and post-diagnostically in relation to breast cancer prognosis. METHODS A total of 1965 women from the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort who were diagnosed with breast cancer between baseline (1993-1997) and December 2013 were included and followed for a median of 7 years after diagnosis. During follow-up, 309 women experienced breast cancer recurrence and 460 women died, of whom 301 died from breast cancer. Dietary assessment by food frequency questionnaires was obtained up to three times, pre- and post-diagnostic, over a period of 18 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios. RESULTS No associations were observed between pre- or post-diagnostic intake of total WG or total dairy products and breast cancer prognosis. A high pre-diagnostic intake of oatmeal/muesli was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.99), whereas high post-diagnostic intake of rye bread was associated with higher breast cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.63). A generally high intake of cheese was associated with a higher recurrence rate. CONCLUSION Pre-diagnostic intake of oatmeal/muesli was associated with lower all-cause mortality, and post-diagnostic intake of rye bread was associated with higher breast cancer specific mortality.

中文翻译：

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诊断前和诊断后全谷物和乳制品的摄入量以及乳腺癌的预后：丹麦饮食，癌症和健康队列。

用途尽管现有的研究有限，而且富含纤维的食品和乳制品已被建议与乳腺癌的预后有关，并且无论是关于乳腺癌预后的诊断前还是诊断后饮食摄入的报告均如此。我们调查了全麦摄入量（WG）与乳制品之间的关联，这些乳制品在诊断前和诊断后均与乳腺癌的预后相关。方法纳入饮食，癌症和健康队列的1965名女性，这些女性在基线（1993年至1997年）至2013年12月之间被诊断出患有乳腺癌，并在诊断后平均随访7年。在随访期间，有309名妇女复发了乳腺癌，有460名妇女死亡，其中301人死于乳腺癌。通过食物频率问卷进行的饮食评估最多获得了3次，诊断前和诊断后，为期18年。考克斯比例风险模型用于估计风险比率。结果在总WG或总乳制品的诊断前或诊断后摄入与乳腺癌的预后之间没有相关性。诊断前摄入高的燕麦片/牛奶什锦早餐与较低的全因死亡率相关（HR 0.76，95％CI 0.59-0.99），而黑麦面包的诊断后高摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关（HR 1.29，95％CI 1.02-1.63）。奶酪摄入量一般较高，复发率较高。结论燕麦/牛奶什锦早餐的诊断前摄入与较低的全因死亡率相关，而黑麦面包的诊断后摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关。考克斯比例风险模型用于估计风险比率。结果在总WG或总乳制品的诊断前或诊断后摄入与乳腺癌的预后之间没有相关性。诊断前摄入高的燕麦片/牛奶什锦早餐与较低的全因死亡率相关（HR 0.76，95％CI 0.59-0.99），而黑麦面包的诊断后高摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关（HR 1.29，95％CI 1.02-1.63）。奶酪摄入量一般较高，复发率较高。结论燕麦/牛奶什锦早餐的诊断前摄入与较低的全因死亡率相关，而黑麦面包的诊断后摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关。考克斯比例风险模型用于估计风险比率。结果在总WG或总乳制品的诊断前或诊断后摄入与乳腺癌的预后之间没有相关性。诊断前摄入高的燕麦片/牛奶什锦早餐与较低的全因死亡率相关（HR 0.76，95％CI 0.59-0.99），而黑麦面包的诊断后高摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关（HR 1.29，95％CI 1.02-1.63）。奶酪摄入量一般较高，复发率较高。结论燕麦/牛奶什锦早餐的诊断前摄入与较低的全因死亡率相关，而黑麦面包的诊断后摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关。结果在总WG或总乳制品的诊断前或诊断后摄入与乳腺癌的预后之间没有相关性。诊断前摄入高的燕麦片/牛奶什锦早餐与较低的全因死亡率相关（HR 0.76，95％CI 0.59-0.99），而黑麦面包的诊断后高摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关（HR 1.29，95％CI 1.02-1.63）。奶酪摄入量一般较高，复发率较高。结论燕麦/牛奶什锦早餐的诊断前摄入与较低的全因死亡率相关，而黑麦面包的诊断后摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关。结果在总WG或总乳制品的诊断前或诊断后摄入与乳腺癌的预后之间没有相关性。诊断前摄入高的燕麦片/牛奶什锦早餐与较低的全因死亡率相关（HR 0.76，95％CI 0.59-0.99），而黑麦面包的诊断后高摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关（HR 1.29，95％CI 1.02-1.63）。奶酪摄入量一般较高，复发率较高。结论燕麦/牛奶什锦早餐的诊断前摄入与较低的全因死亡率相关，而黑麦面包的诊断后摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关。诊断前摄入高的燕麦片/牛奶什锦早餐与较低的全因死亡率相关（HR 0.76，95％CI 0.59-0.99），而黑麦面包的诊断后高摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关（HR 1.29，95％CI 1.02-1.63）。奶酪摄入量一般较高，复发率较高。结论燕麦/牛奶什锦早餐的诊断前摄入与较低的全因死亡率相关，而黑麦面包的诊断后摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关。诊断前摄入高的燕麦片/牛奶什锦早餐与较低的全因死亡率相关（HR 0.76，95％CI 0.59-0.99），而黑麦面包的诊断后高摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关（HR 1.29，95％CI 1.02-1.63）。奶酪摄入量一般较高，复发率较高。结论燕麦/牛奶什锦早餐的诊断前摄入与较低的全因死亡率相关，而黑麦面包的诊断后摄入与较高的乳腺癌特异性死亡率相关。