Objective: There is growing interest in mindful parenting and how this form of intentional, compassionate interactions with youth are associated with developmental outcomes. We investigated how mindful parenting changes over time, either naturally or in response to interventions, and how that change is associated with other proximal developmental changes. Method: We used data from a longitudinal, randomized-controlled study design (N = 432 families) to investigate the associations between changes in mindful parenting and 3 outcomes: positive parenting, parent–youth relationship quality, and youth aggression. Differences across 3 intervention conditions and between mothers and fathers were tested. Results: Across conditions, changes in mindful parenting were strongly associated with changes in all 3 outcomes for both fathers and mothers. Changes in mindful parenting showed considerable variability within and across conditions. For fathers, differences in mindful parenting change were driven primarily by changes in the core mindful parenting dimension of emotional awareness. Mothers showed comparable changes in mindful parenting across conditions. Conclusions: Findings illustrate how changes in mindful parenting are associated with proximal changes that could lead to reduced youth behavior problems (e.g., aggression or substance use) and provide additional evidence for the contribution that mindfulness activities can make to standard parent training.

中文翻译：

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正念育儿的变化：与育儿、亲子关系质量和青少年行为变化的关联。

目标：人们对正念育儿以及这种与青少年有意识、富有同情心的互动形式如何与发展成果相关联的兴趣日益浓厚。我们调查了正念养育如何随着时间的推移自然地或响应干预而发生变化，以及这种变化如何与其他近端发育变化相关联。方法：我们使用来自纵向、随机对照研究设计（N = 432 个家庭）的数据来调查正念养育的变化与 3 个结果之间的关联：积极养育、亲子关系质量和青少年攻击性。测试了 3 种干预条件以及母亲和父亲之间的差异。结果：在各种条件下，正念养育的变化与父亲和母亲的所有 3 个结果的变化密切相关。正念养育的变化在各种条件下和不同条件下表现出相当大的差异。对于父亲来说，正念养育变化的差异主要是由情绪意识的核心正念养育维度的变化驱动的。母亲们在不同条件下的正念育儿方面表现出类似的变化。结论：研究结果说明了正念育儿的变化如何与可能导致青少年行为问题（例如，攻击性或物质使用）减少的近端变化相关联，并为正念活动对标准父母培训的贡献提供了额外的证据。母亲们在不同条件下的正念育儿方面表现出类似的变化。结论：研究结果说明了正念育儿的变化如何与可能导致青少年行为问题（例如，攻击性或物质使用）减少的近端变化相关联，并为正念活动对标准父母培训的贡献提供了额外的证据。母亲们在不同条件下的正念育儿方面表现出类似的变化。结论：研究结果说明了正念育儿的变化如何与可能导致青少年行为问题（例如，攻击性或物质使用）减少的近端变化相关联，并为正念活动对标准父母培训的贡献提供了额外的证据。