Neuroimaging evidence suggests that bilingualism may act as a source of neural plasticity. However, prior work has mostly focused on bilingualism-induced alterations in gray matter volume and white matter tract microstructure, with additional effects related to other neurostructural indices that might have remained undetected. The degree of cortical folding or gyrification is a morphometric parameter which provides information about changes on the brain's surface during development, aging and disease. We used Surface-based Morphometry (SBM) to investigate the contribution of bilingual experience to gyrification from early adulthood to old age in a sample of bilinguals and monolingual controls. Despite widespread cortical folding reductions for all participants with increasing age, preserved gyrification exclusive to bilinguals was detected in the right cingulate and entorhinal cortices, regions vulnerable with normal and pathological brain aging. Our results provide novel insights on experience-related cortical reshaping and bilingualism-induced cortical plasticity in adulthood.

中文翻译：

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双语体验与成年后回旋之间的关系：一项基于横截面表面的形态测量学研究

神经影像学证据表明，双语可能是神经可塑性的来源。然而，之前的工作主要集中在双语诱导的灰质体积和白质束微观结构的改变上，以及与其他神经结构指数相关的额外影响，这些影响可能仍未被发现。皮质折叠或旋转的程度是一种形态测量参数，它提供有关大脑表面在发育、衰老和疾病过程中变化的信息。我们使用基于表面的形态测量 (SBM) 来研究双语和单语对照样本中双语经验对从成年早期到老年的 gyrification 的贡献。尽管随着年龄的增长，所有参与者的皮质折叠普遍减少，在右侧扣带回和内嗅皮层中检测到双语者独有的保留回旋化，这些区域易受正常和病理性脑老化的影响。我们的研究结果为成年期与经验相关的皮层重塑和双语诱导的皮层可塑性提供了新的见解。