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Measuring inorganic phosphate and intracellular pH in the healthy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hearts by in vivo 7T 31P-cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-14 , DOI: 10.1186/s12968-019-0529-4
Ladislav Valkovič 1, 2 , William T Clarke 1, 3 , Albrecht I Schmid 1, 4 , Betty Raman 1 , Jane Ellis 1 , Hugh Watkins 1 , Matthew D Robson 1 , Stefan Neubauer 1 , Christopher T Rodgers 1, 5
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular phosphorus MR spectroscopy (31P-CMRS) is a powerful tool for probing energetics in the human heart, through quantification of phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. In principle, 31P-CMRS can also measure cardiac intracellular pH (pHi) and the free energy of ATP hydrolysis (ΔGATP). However, these require determination of the inorganic phosphate (Pi) signal frequency and amplitude that are currently not robustly accessible because blood signals often obscure the Pi resonance. Typical cardiac 31P-CMRS protocols use low (e.g. 30°) flip-angles and short repetition time (TR) to maximise signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) within hardware limits. Unfortunately, this causes saturation of Pi with negligible saturation of the flowing blood pool. We aimed to show that an adiabatic 90° excitation, long-TR, 7T 31P-CMRS protocol will reverse this balance, allowing robust cardiac pHi measurements in healthy subjects and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). METHODS The cardiac Pi T1 was first measured by the dual TR technique in seven healthy subjects. Next, ten healthy subjects and three HCM patients were scanned with 7T 31P-MRS using long (6 s) TR protocol and adiabatic excitation. Spectra were fitted for cardiac metabolites including Pi. RESULTS The measured Pi T1 was 5.0 ± 0.3 s in myocardium and 6.4 ± 0.6 s in skeletal muscle. Myocardial pH was 7.12 ± 0.04 and Pi/PCr ratio was 0.11 ± 0.02. The coefficients of repeatability were 0.052 for pH and 0.027 for Pi/PCr quantification. The pH in HCM patients did not differ (p = 0.508) from volunteers. However, Pi/PCr was higher (0.24 ± 0.09 vs. 0.11 ± 0.02; p = 0.001); Pi/ATP was higher (0.44 ± 0.14 vs. 0.24 ± 0.05; p = 0.002); and PCr/ATP was lower (1.78 ± 0.07 vs. 2.10 ± 0.20; p = 0.020), in HCM patients, which is in agreement with previous reports. CONCLUSION A 7T 31P-CMRS protocol with adiabatic 90° excitation and long (6 s) TR gives sufficient SNR for Pi and low enough blood signal to permit robust quantification of cardiac Pi and hence pHi. Pi was detectable in every subject scanned for this study, both in healthy subjects and HCM patients. Cardiac pHi was unchanged in HCM patients, but both Pi/PCr and Pi/ATP increased that indicate an energetic impairment in HCM. This work provides a robust technique to quantify cardiac Pi and pHi.

中文翻译:

通过体内 7T 31P-心血管磁共振波谱测量健康和肥厚型心肌病心脏中的无机磷酸盐和细胞内 pH 值。

背景 心血管磷磁共振波谱 (31P-CMRS) 是通过量化磷酸肌酸 (PCr) 与三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 比率来探测人类心脏能量学的有力工具。原则上,31P-CMRS 还可以测量心脏细胞内 pH 值 (pHi) 和 ATP 水解的自由能 (ΔGATP)。然而,这些需要确定目前无法可靠访问的无机磷酸盐 (Pi) 信号频率和幅度,因为血液信号通常会掩盖 Pi 共振。典型的心脏 31P-CMRS 协议使用低(例如 30°)翻转角和短重复时间 (TR),以在硬件限制内最大化信噪比 (SNR)。不幸的是,这会导致 Pi 饱和,而流动血池的饱和度可以忽略不计。我们旨在证明绝热 90° 激发、长 TR、7T 31P-CMRS 协议将扭转这种平衡,允许对健康受试者和肥厚型心肌病 (HCM) 患者进行稳健的心脏 pHi 测量。方法首先通过双TR技术在7名健康受试者中测量心脏Pi T1。接下来,10 名健康受试者和 3 名 HCM 患者使用 7T 31P-MRS 使用长(6 秒)TR 方案和绝热激发进行扫描。光谱适用于包括 Pi 在内的心脏代谢物。结果 测量的 Pi T1 在心肌中为 5.0 ± 0.3 s,在骨骼肌中为 6.4 ± 0.6 s。心肌 pH 值为 7.12 ± 0.04,Pi/PCr 比值为 0.11 ± 0.02。pH 值的重复性系数为 0.052,Pi/PCr 定量的重复性系数为 0.027。HCM 患者的 pH 值与志愿者没有差异 (p = 0.508)。然而,Pi/PCr 更高(0.24 ± 0.09 vs. 0.11 ± 0.02;p = 0.001);Pi/ATP 较高 (0. 44 ± 0.14 与 0.24 ± 0.05;p = 0.002); HCM 患者的 PCr/ATP 较低(1.78 ± 0.07 vs. 2.10 ± 0.20;p = 0.020),这与之前的报道一致。结论 具有 90° 绝热激发和长 (6 s) TR 的 7T 31P-CMRS 协议为 Pi 提供了足够的 SNR 和足够低的血液信号,以允许对心脏 Pi 进行稳健的量化,从而对 pHi 进行量化。在为这项研究扫描的每个受试者中,无论是在健康受试者中还是在 HCM 患者中,都可以检测到 Pi。HCM 患者的心脏 pHi 没有变化,但 Pi/PCr 和 Pi/ATP 均增加,表明 HCM 存在能量障碍。这项工作提供了一种强大的技术来量化心脏 Pi 和 pHi。结论 具有 90° 绝热激发和长 (6 s) TR 的 7T 31P-CMRS 协议为 Pi 提供了足够的 SNR 和足够低的血液信号,以允许对心脏 Pi 进行稳健的量化,从而对 pHi 进行量化。在为这项研究扫描的每个受试者中,无论是在健康受试者中还是在 HCM 患者中,都可以检测到 Pi。HCM 患者的心脏 pHi 没有变化,但 Pi/PCr 和 Pi/ATP 均增加,表明 HCM 存在能量障碍。这项工作提供了一种强大的技术来量化心脏 Pi 和 pHi。结论 具有 90° 绝热激发和长 (6 s) TR 的 7T 31P-CMRS 协议为 Pi 提供了足够的 SNR 和足够低的血液信号,以允许对心脏 Pi 进行稳健的量化,从而对 pHi 进行量化。在为这项研究扫描的每个受试者中,无论是在健康受试者中还是在 HCM 患者中,都可以检测到 Pi。HCM 患者的心脏 pHi 没有变化,但 Pi/PCr 和 Pi/ATP 均增加,表明 HCM 存在能量障碍。这项工作提供了一种强大的技术来量化心脏 Pi 和 pHi。但 Pi/PCr 和 Pi/ATP 均增加,表明 HCM 存在能量受损。这项工作提供了一种强大的技术来量化心脏 Pi 和 pHi。但 Pi/PCr 和 Pi/ATP 均增加,表明 HCM 存在能量受损。这项工作提供了一种强大的技术来量化心脏 Pi 和 pHi。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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