Among small non‐coding RNAs (sncRNAs/sRNAs), the functional regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been studied in canine oral melanoma (COM). However, the expression level of other sncRNAs, like small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), transfer RNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) and PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs), in COM is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate sncRNAs other than miRNAs in COM from our small RNA sequencing project (PRJNA516252). We found that several snRNAs and piRNAs were upregulated, whereas tRFs and snoRNAs were downregulated in COM. Upregulation of U1 snRNA and piR‐972, and downregulation of tRNA‐ser (1) and snoRA24 was confirmed in dog melanoma tissue and cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Consistently, the expression of tRNA‐ser (1) and snoRA24 in plasma of COM cases was also decreased. Finally, we found a similar expression trend of U1 and snoRA24 in the human cutaneous melanoma cell line, MEWO, compared with human epidermal melanocyte cells (HEMa‐Lp). In our study, snRNA, snoRNA, tRFs and piRNA were dysregulated during melanoma progression. Moreover, the melanoma‐associated expression of U1 and snoRA24 was similar in human and dog melanoma.

中文翻译：

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犬黑素瘤中异常表达的snoRNA，snRNA，piRNA和tRFs。

在小型非编码RNA（sncRNA / sRNA）中，已经在犬口腔黑素瘤（COM）中研究了microRNA（miRNA）的功能调节。但是，尚不清楚其他sncRNA在COM中的表达水平，例如小核仁RNA（snoRNA），小核RNA（snRNA），转移RNA衍生片段（tRF）和PIWI相互作用RNA（piRNA）。这项研究的目的是从我们的小型RNA测序项目（PRJNA516252）中研究COM中miRNA以外的sncRNA。我们发现在COM中，数个snRNA和piRNA被上调，而tRF和snoRNA被下调。通过定量逆转录PCR在狗黑素瘤组织和细胞系中证实了U1 snRNA和piR-972的上调以及tRNA- ser（1）和snoRA24的下调。一致地，tRNA- ser的表达（1）COM患者血浆中snoRA24也降低。最后，我们发现与人表皮黑素细胞（HEMa-Lp）相比，U1和snoRA24在人皮肤黑色素瘤细胞系MEWO中有相似的表达趋势。在我们的研究中，黑色素瘤进展过程中snRNA，snoRNA，tRF和piRNA失调。此外，在人和狗黑色素瘤中，U1和snoRA24与黑色素瘤相关的表达相似。