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Examining the link between religiousness and fitness in a behavioural ecological framework
Journal of Biosocial Science ( IF 2.148 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 , DOI: 10.1017/s0021932019000774
Janko Međedović 1
Affiliation  

In recent years there have been attempts to explain religiousness from an evolutionary viewpoint. However, empirical data on this topic are still lacking. In the present study, the behavioural ecological theoretical framework was used to explore the relations between religiousness, harsh environment, fitness (reproductive success and parental investment) and fitness-related outcomes (age at first birth, desired number of children and the romantic relationship duration). The data were collected from 461 individuals from a community sample who were near the end of their reproductive phase (54% females, Mage = 51.75; SD = 6.56). Positive links between religiousness, harsh environment, fitness and fitness-related outcomes were expected, with the exception of age at first birth, for which a negative association was hypothesized. Hence, the main assumption of the study was that religiousness has some attributes of fast life-history phenotypes – that it emerges from a harsh environment and enables earlier reproduction. The study findings partially confirmed these hypotheses. Religiousness was positively related to environmental harshness but only on a zero-order level. Religious individuals had higher reproductive success (this association was especially pronounced in males) but religiousness did not show associations with parental investment. Religiousness was positively associated with desired number of children and negatively associated with age at first birth, although the latter association was only marginally significant in the multivariate analyses. Finally, path analysis showed that desired number of children and age at first birth completely mediated the relation between religiousness and reproductive success. The data confirmed the biologically adaptive function of religiousness in contemporary populations and found the mediating processes that facilitate fitness in religious individuals. Furthermore, the findings initiate a more complex view of religiousness in a life-history context which could be fruitful for future research: a proposal labelled as ‘ontogeny-dependent life-history theory of religiousness’.

中文翻译:

在行为生态框架中检查宗教性和健身之间的联系

近年来,人们试图从进化的角度来解释宗教。但是,仍然缺乏有关该主题的经验数据。本研究采用行为生态学理论框架探讨宗教信仰、恶劣环境、健康(生育成功和父母投资)和健康相关结果(初生年龄、期望的孩子数量和恋爱持续时间)之间的关系。 )。这些数据是从社区样本中的 461 名个体中收集的,这些个体的生殖阶段接近尾声(54% 为女性,年龄= 51.75; 标准差 = 6.56)。预计宗教信仰、恶劣环境、健康和与健康相关的结果之间存在积极联系,但第一次出生的年龄除外,对此假设存在负相关。因此,该研究的主要假设是,宗教性具有快速生活史表型的某些属性——它来自恶劣的环境并能够更早地繁殖。研究结果部分证实了这些假设。宗教性与环境恶劣程度呈正相关,但仅在零级水平上。有宗教信仰的个体具有更高的繁殖成功率(这种关联在男性中尤其明显),但宗教信仰并未显示出与父母投资的关联。宗教信仰与期望的儿童数量呈正相关,与第一次出生时的年龄呈负相关,尽管后者的关联在多变量分析中仅略微显着。最后,路径分析表明,期望的孩子数量和首次生育年龄完全中介了宗教信仰和生育成功之间的关系。数据证实了宗教信仰在当代人群中的生物适应性功能,并发现了促进宗教个体健康的中介过程。此外,这些发现在生活史背景下引发了一种更复杂的宗教观点,这可能对未来的研究富有成果:一项被称为“个体发育依赖的宗教信仰生活史理论”的提议。尽管后一种关联在多变量分析中仅微不足道。最后,路径分析表明,期望的孩子数量和首次生育年龄完全中介了宗教信仰和生育成功之间的关系。这些数据证实了当代人群中宗教信仰的生物适应性功能,并发现了促进宗教个体健康的中介过程。此外,这些发现在生活史背景下引发了一种更复杂的宗教观点,这可能对未来的研究富有成果:一项被称为“个体发育依赖的宗教信仰生活史理论”的提议。尽管后一种关联在多变量分析中仅微不足道。最后,路径分析表明,期望的孩子数量和首次生育年龄完全中介了宗教信仰和生育成功之间的关系。这些数据证实了当代人群中宗教信仰的生物适应性功能,并发现了促进宗教个体健康的中介过程。此外,这些发现在生活史背景下引发了一种更复杂的宗教观点,这可能对未来的研究富有成果:一项被称为“个体发育依赖的宗教信仰生活史理论”的提议。路径分析表明,期望的孩子数量和首次生育年龄完全中介了宗教信仰和生育成功之间的关系。这些数据证实了当代人群中宗教信仰的生物适应性功能,并发现了促进宗教个体健康的中介过程。此外,这些发现在生活史背景下引发了一种更复杂的宗教观点,这可能对未来的研究富有成果:一项被称为“个体发育依赖的宗教信仰生活史理论”的提议。路径分析表明,期望的孩子数量和首次生育年龄完全中介了宗教信仰和生育成功之间的关系。这些数据证实了当代人群中宗教信仰的生物适应性功能,并发现了促进宗教个体健康的中介过程。此外,这些发现在生活史背景下引发了一种更复杂的宗教观点,这可能对未来的研究富有成果:一项被称为“个体发育依赖的宗教信仰生活史理论”的提议。
更新日期:2019-11-26
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