Brain disorders, from neurodegenerative to psychiatric disorders, are among the most challenging conditions to study because of the intricate nature of the human brain and the limitations of existing model systems in recapitulating all these intricacies. However, innovations in stem cell technologies now allow us to reprogram patient somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can then be differentiated to disease-relevant neural and glial cells. iPSCs are a valuable tool to model brain disorders, as they can be derived from patients with known symptom histories, genetics, and drug-response profiles. Here, we discuss the premise and validity of the iPSC-based in vitro model system and highlight key findings from the most commonly studied neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.

中文翻译：

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使用诱导多能干细胞模拟脑部疾病。

脑部疾病，从神经退行性疾病到精神疾病，是最具挑战性的研究条件之一，因为人类大脑的复杂性和现有模型系统在概括所有这些复杂性方面的局限性。然而，干细胞技术的创新现在使我们能够将患者体细胞重新编程为诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC)，然后将其分化为与疾病相关的神经细胞和神经胶质细胞。iPSC 是模拟脑部疾病的宝贵工具，因为它们可以来自具有已知症状史、遗传学和药物反应特征的患者。在这里，我们讨论了基于 iPSC 的体外模型系统的前提和有效性，并强调了最常研究的神经退行性和精神疾病的主要发现。