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How I treat acute myeloid leukemia in the era of new drugs
Blood ( IF 20.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-09 , DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001239
Courtney D DiNardo 1 , Andrew H Wei 2
Affiliation  

The treatment landscape for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has changed substantially since 2017. A host of new targeted drugs have emerged onto the scene, including venetoclax to target BCL-2, midostaurin and gilteritinib to target FLT3 and ivosidenib and enasidenib to target mutant IDH1 and IDH2, respectively. Other additions include re-approval of gemtuzumab ozogomycin to target CD33, glasdegib to target the hedgehog pathway and a liposomal formulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine (CPX-351). AML is genomically heterogeneous and has a tendency to evolve, particularly under selective treatment pressure. For decades, treatment decisions have largely centred around chemotherapy drug intensity. Physicians now have access to an increasing number of drugs with novel mechanisms of action and distinctive side-effect profiles. Key issues faced by haematologists in this era of new drugs include 1) the timely identification of actionable mutations, not just at diagnosis but also at relapse, 2) deciding which drug to use when several therapeutic options are available and 3) the need for increased awareness of how to anticipate, mitigate and manage common complications associated with these new agents. This new addition to the How I Treat series will utilize three case presentations to discuss some of the new treatment challenges encountered in the management of AML, with the goal of providing practical guidance to aid the practising physician.

中文翻译:

新药时代我如何治疗急性髓系白血病

自 2017 年以来,急性髓系白血病 (AML) 的治疗格局发生了重大变化。 大量新的靶向药物已经出现,包括靶向 BCL-2 的 venetoclax、靶向 FLT3 的 Midostaurin 和 gilteritinib 以及靶向突变 IDH1 的 ivosidenib 和 enasidenib和 IDH2,分别。其他新增内容包括重新批准 gemtuzumab ozogomycin 靶向 CD33、glasdegib 靶向刺猬通路以及柔红霉素和阿糖胞苷 (CPX-351) 的脂质体制剂。AML 在基因组上是异质的,并且有进化的趋势,特别是在选择性治疗压力下。几十年来,治疗决策主要集中在化疗药物强度上。医生现在可以使用越来越多的药物,这些药物具有新的作用机制和独特的副作用特征。在这个新药时代,血液学家面临的关键问题包括 1) 及时识别可操作的突变,不仅在诊断时而且在复发时,2) 在有多种治疗选择时决定使用哪种药物,3) 需要增加了解如何预测、减轻和管理与这些新药物相关的常见并发症。我如何治疗系列的新增内容将利用三个案例介绍来讨论在 AML 管理中遇到的一些新的治疗挑战,目的是为执业医师提供实用指导。2) 在有多种治疗选择时决定使用哪种药物; 3) 需要提高对如何预测、减轻和管理与这些新药物相关的常见并发症的认识。我如何治疗系列的新增内容将利用三个案例介绍来讨论在 AML 管理中遇到的一些新的治疗挑战,目的是为执业医师提供实用指导。2) 在有多种治疗选择时决定使用哪种药物; 3) 需要提高对如何预测、减轻和管理与这些新药物相关的常见并发症的认识。我如何治疗系列的新增内容将利用三个案例介绍来讨论在 AML 管理中遇到的一些新的治疗挑战,目的是为执业医师提供实用指导。
更新日期:2020-01-09
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